Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography AQA B SA - Coasts > 2 Coasts > Flashcards

2 Coasts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Formation of a spit 1) why does longshore drift hit the beach at an angle?

A

It hits the beach at an angle due to wind direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Formation of a spit 1) what angle does swash hit the beach?

A

At a 45¿ angle, this is due to wind direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Formation of a spit 2) What angle does backwash move back to sea?

A

At an angle of 90¿ (straight line from the beach).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Formation of a spit 2) Why does the backwash move straight back away from the beach?

A

Due to the pull of gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Formation of a spit 3) How is sediment moved down the beach?

A

The process the longshore drift is repeated over and over again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formation of a spit 4) When there is a change in the shape of the coastline what happens?

A

Sediment is deposited is the same direction a sthe original coastline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Formation of a spit 5)Why is a spit curved?

A

A spit is usually curved at the seaward end due to wave action and ocean currents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a bar?

A

A bar is formed when a spit extends across an opening and connects two areas of coastlien.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a tombola?

A

Where a spit is extended until it joins an island.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name an example of a spit.

A

Spurn Point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is responsible for coastal erosion?

A

Defra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Defra?

A

Department for environment, food and rural affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a sediment cell?

A

The coastline has been divided up into 11 areas to help make areas of the coast more manageable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a sub cell?

A

A sub cell is where sediment cells have been divided up even further to help with SMP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is SMP?

A

SMP is a shoreline management plan. This is a document that sets out plans for the management of a length of coast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Defra have four management strategies. What are they?

A

Hold the line, advance the line, managed realingment and no intervention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does hold the line mean?

A

To hold the line is to maintain the existing coastline by building defences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does advance the line mean?

A

To advance the line is to build new defences infront of the existing defences.

19
Q

What does managed realingment mean?

A

Managed realingment means to allow the land the flood and to construct a new line of defence inland.

20
Q

What does no intervention mean?

A

No intervention means to allow natural processes to shape the land.

21
Q

What is hard engineering?

A

Hard engineering controls the power of the sea by building barroers between the alnd and the sea e.g. seawalls.

22
Q

Give some examples of hard engineering.

A

Sea wall, groyne, rock armour, cliff drainage.

23
Q

What are the negatives of hard engineering?

A

Expensive, unsightly, does not match the natural landscape.

24
Q

What are the benefits of hard engineering

A

Very effective, longlasting and can be multi-puroose e.g. a sea wall can have a promenade ontop.

25
Q

Give an example of where hard engineering is used.

A

Seawall, Poole Bay near Bournemouth.

26
Q

What is soft engineering?

A

Coastal protection which works in keeping with nature. E.g. beach replenishment.

27
Q

Give some examples of soft engineering.

A

Beach replenishment- putting more sand on the beach to widen it. Managed realingment which allows the sea to flood till it reaches a natural barrier of higher land. Offshore reefs (plants) out to sea which help break up the power of the waves.

28
Q

What are the negatives of soft engineering?

A

Doesn’t last as long at hard engineering. Sometimes not powerful enough to protect large built up areas.

29
Q

What are the benefits of soft engineering

A

Looks natural, can be cheaper than hard engineering.

30
Q

Give an example of where soft engineering is used.

A

Beach replenishment at Poole Bay near Bournemouth.

31
Q

What coastal management has been done at Sea Palling?

A

Seawall, boulders placed in front of sea wall, beach replenishment and four offshore reefs.

32
Q

Where is Sea Palling?

A

North-east Norfolk

33
Q

What conflict has been caused by coastal management in Norfolk?

A

Local residents are unhappy with the councils decision to do nothing. They have launched the ‘buy a rock for Happisburgh’ campaign which is raising money for hard engineering defences.

34
Q

Where is Happisburgh?

A

North-east Norfolk

35
Q

What are the causes of cliff erosion at Happisburgh?

A

Soft clay rock, large fetch across the North Sea, storms.

36
Q

Why are coral reefs fragile?

A

Easily damaged by pollution because ethey are found in shallow ocean water. When touched by divers they can die.

37
Q

Where do you get coral reefs?

A

only found in tropical areas where there are warm shallow oceans.

38
Q

What are coral reefs?

A

Coral reefs are formed by colonies of tiny animals (polyps). When they die they leave behind a skeleton made up of calcium carbonate.

39
Q

What is the SMMA?

A

Soufriere Marine Management Area in St. Lucia

40
Q

Why is there conflict between coastal uses?

A

Different groups want prioritye.g locals will want to fish but this will disturb tourist activities.

41
Q

Give an example of managed retreat.

A

Wallasea, essex.

42
Q

Why is managed retreat a good thing at Wallasea?

A

it created 155 hectares of mudflats and salt marshes, which is a habitats for birds. Salt marshes provide a natural sea defence. Reduces the risk of flooding further inland.

43
Q

How will climate change affect coastal areas?

A

Increased sea level rise and stroms.

44
Q

half a metre rise in sea levels could cause how much damage (Ï)?

A

Ï30 billion

Geography AQA B SA - Coasts (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions