2 Classifying Life Flashcards
What are the taxonomic ranks?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are ghost lineages?
Show that two species must have been linked by a common ancestor however there is no evidence in the fossil record to support this
What are analogous characters?
Have similarity due to convergent evolution
What are homologous characters?
Have similarity due to common ancestry
What are synplesiomorphies?
Shared ancestral characters
What are synapomorphies?
Shared derived characters
What are autapomorphies?
Characters unique to a taxon
What are monophyletic groups?
Contains the latest common ancestor plus all of its descendants
What are paraphyletic groups?
Contains a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants
What are polyphyletic groups?
Groups that are not defined by a single common ancestor
Often due to convergent phenotypes that do not share a common ancestor
What is the five kingdom system?
Monera
Protista
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
What is the eight kingdom system?
Bacteria
Archaea
Archaeozoa
Protista
Chromista
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
What are the three domains?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What are archaebacteria?
Archaea
Inhabit extreme environments e.g. thermophiles (hot), halophiles (salty)
Less numerous and diverse than eubacteria
What is LUCA?
Last universal common ancestor
