2 - Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

give some features of neurons (organelles)

A

highly organised metabolically active cell

large nucleus
prominent nucleolus
abundant rER
well developed golgi
abundant mitochondria
highly organised cytoskeleton
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2
Q

Are dendrites the input or output for information?

A

input - receives incoming information

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3
Q

Where are there large numbers of purkinje cells?

A

cerebellum

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4
Q

What are axons used for?

A

(output)

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5
Q

How many axons are there per cell?

A

only 1

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6
Q

When axons branch after leaving the cell body, what is this called?

A

axon collaterals

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7
Q

Why are intermediate filaments needed in the axons?

A

needed for tensile strength and tom maintain diameter

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8
Q

Describe fast axonal transport of proteins from the soma to the synapse

A
  • proteins that are destined to go to the same place are packaged in a vesicle
  • the vesicles associated with microtubules using adhesion proteins (they have motor proteins that use ATP to move down the microtubules)
  • the microtubules are polarised so the vesicles only move in one direction
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9
Q

What are the morphological subtypes of neurones?

A
  • pseudo unipolar
  • bipolar
  • Golgi type I multipolar
  • Golgi type II multipolar
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10
Q

Usually, what kind of neurones are pseudo unipolar?

Where is the signal passed to in these neurons?

A

sensory

signal passes directly to the axon terminal (without going through the soma)

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11
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

white matter of the cerebral cortex

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12
Q

What is the properties of the axons and dendrites of Golgi type 1 multipolar neurons?
Give some examples

A

long axons
high branched dendrites

pyramidal cells - cerebral cortex
purkinje cells - cerebellum
anterior horn cells of the spinal chord
retinal ganglionic cells

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13
Q

What is the properties of the axons and dendrites of Golgi type 2 multipolar neurons?
Give some examples

A

high branched dendritic trees
short axons - terminate close to the soma body

e.g. stellate cells of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum

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14
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

support cells of the nervous system

e.g.
astoglia
oligodenrodlia
microglia
ependymal cells
schwann cells
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15
Q

What kind of junctions are there between astrocytes and what does this suggest?

A

gap junction - suggest signalling between them. and allows ion movement

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16
Q

Give some features of oligodendrocytes

A

small spherical nucleus
thin processes
prominent ER and golgi
metabolically highly active