2 - cells and tissues Flashcards
What is the three principles of the cell theory.?
1 - cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals.
2- all new cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.
3- cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions.
What are the three primary components of the cell.
Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm.
Ability of cells
Digest food
dispose of waste
grow
reproduce
move
respond to stimulus.
What cells connect body parts, form linings or transport gases?
Fibroblasts
Erythrocytes
epithelial cells.
What cells gather information and control body functions.
nervecell
What cells move organs and body parts
Skeletal muscle cell and smooth muscle cell.
Which cell is used for reproduction.
sperm cell
What cell stores nutrients?
Fat cell
cells that fight diseases.
Macrophage.
What does a plasma membrane do?
Regulates flow of materials in an out of cell to maintain appropriate environment for normal cellular activities.
Describe the plasma membrane.
Flexible barrier made up of a bilayer of phospholipids interspersed with two other lipids and two types of proteins.
What is a integral protein?
Embedded within the bilayer.
What is a peripheral protein?
Loosely associated with the bilayer.
What is involved in the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer cholesterol, glycerol, lipids and integral and peripheral proteins.
Describe the phospholipid bilayer..
Hydrophilic Polar head pointing outwards of the membrane. (loves water).
Hydrophobic nonpolar tails pointing towards each other within the membrane.( hates water)
Selectively permeable.
What does selectively permeable mean?
Allows substances to move in and out the cell but restricts the passage of other substances.
What is permeable and what is?
Not permeable - ions (polar) and large molecules such as glucose and amino acids.
permeable - non-polar lipid soluble molecules such as fatty acids, water and carbon dioxide.
What is membrane transport on the two methods?
Membrane transport is the movement of substances in and out the cell across the plasma membrane..
Two methods are passive transport and active transport.
What is intracellular fluid and extra cellular fluid?
Interest cellular fluid is inside the cell - cytosol
Extra cellular fluid is outside of the cell and it’s made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid
Passive transport
Facilitated diffusion - integral proteins function as ion channels or carriers which increases the permeability of the plasma membrane. they help big molecules such as glucose and amino acids to pass through membrane.
Active transport
Macromolecules such as proteins polysaccharides can only pass through the plasma membrane through the vesicular transport mechanisms such as endocytosis and exocytosis. ATP is used to provide the energy required for this transport
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Describes the plasma membrane as a dynamic and flexible structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with a mosaic of various proteins and other molecules in bended within it. The arrangement allows the membrane to function essential to cellular life such as selective permeability communication and transport
Describe the nucleus
Control centre of the cell and contains genetic material in the form of DNA.
Describe cells depending on number of nucleus
Single nucleus is a uni nucleate
No nucleus is aninucleate. RBC
Several nuclei is multinucleate. skeletal muscle cell
