2. Cause

Question 1

Association

Answer 1

Identifiable relationship or link between two variables

Question 2

An association exists if there is an observed _____ between a factor and an outcome

Answer 2

statistical relationship

Question 3

Cause must precede effect

Answer 3

Temporality

Question 4

A change in the cause results in a change in the effect

Answer 4

Directionality

Question 5

When present, the association between factor and disease is distorted

Answer 5

Confounders/ Third Variable Problem

Question 6

Models of Disease Causation

Answer 6

• Germ Theory of disease
• Multiple Causation

Question 7

Presents how diseases result from the interaction of 3 components

Answer 7

Epidemiologic Triad

Question 8

A set of conditions lead to the development of a disease (a complete pie leads to a causal mechanism)

Answer 8

Sufficient-Component Cause Model

Question 9

A set of factors whose completion inevitably leads to the outcome

Answer 9

Sufficient cause

Question 10

Every factor in a given sufficient cause (each pie slice)

Answer 10

Component Cause

Question 11

A factor present in all sufficient causes (e.g. aging)

Answer 11

Necessary cause