2. Bonding, Structure, and Properties of Matter

Question 1

What does the word ‘electrolysis’ mean?

Answer 1

Electro - to pass electricity through
Lysis - to break down

Question 2

Define ionic bonding.

Answer 2

Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between a positively charged metal ion and a negatively charged non-metal ion.

Question 3

Define covalent bonding.

Answer 3

Covalent bonding is the shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms.

Question 4

Define metallic bonding.

Answer 4

A metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.

Question 5

Explain the properties of a solid.

Answer 5

Solids have a fixed shape and cannot flow, because their particles cannot move from place to place.
They also cannot be compressed, because their particles are close together and have no space to move into.

Question 6

Explain the properties of a liquid.

Answer 6

Liquids flow and take the shape of their container, because their particles can move around each other. They cannot be compressed, because their particles are close together and have no space to move into.

Question 7

Explain the properties of a gas.

Answer 7

Gases flow and completely fill their container, because their particles can move quickly in all directions. They can be compressed, because their particles are far apart and have space to move into.

Question 8

Explain the relationship between intermolecular forces and melting/boiling points.

Answer 8

Every substance has its own
melting point and boiling point.
The stronger the forces between particles, the higher its melting and boiling points.

Question 9

Recall a limitation of the particle model.

Answer 9

The particle model assumes that particles are solid spheres with no forces between them. However particles are not solid, since atoms are mostly empty space and many particles are not spherical.