2. ATOMS, IONS, AND COMPOUNDS Flashcards
Define Isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers
Define Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Define Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is a Cation?
A positively charged ion
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is the location, charge, and mass of a Proton, Electron, and Neutron?
p+:
location = in the nucleus
charge = 1+
mass = 1
e-:
location = in shells surrounding the nucleus
charge = 1-
mass = 1/1836
n:
location = in the nucleus
charge = 0
mass = 1
Why do isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties?
Atoms of the same element have the same numbers of electrons and the same electron configuration.
The number of neutrons has no effect on the reactions of an element
What is mass spectrometry used in?
The determination of:
Relative isotopic masses
and
Relative abundances
of the isotope
What is the mass-to-charge ratio?
Relative mass of ion / relative charge of ion
When is relative molecular and relative formula mass used?
Relative molecular mass - used for simple molecules
Relative formula mass - used for compounds with giant structures
List all the ions you need to know
NO3^- = nitrate
CO3^2- = carbonate
SO4^2- = sulfate
OH^- = hydroxide
NH4^+ = ammonium
Zn^2+ = zinc
Ag^+ = silver
List the diatomic molecules you need to know
H2
Br2
N2
O2
F2
I2
P4
S8
List the polyatomic ions you need to know
Ammonium = NH4^+
Hydroxide = OH^-
Nitrate = NO3^-
Nitride = NO2^-
Hydrogencarbonate = HCO3^-
Manganate (VII) (permanganate) = MnO4^-
Carbonate = CO3^2-
Sulfate = SO4^2-
Sulfite = SO3^2-
Dichromate (VI) = Cr2O7^2-
Phosphate = PO4^3-
