2. ATOMS, IONS, AND COMPOUNDS Flashcards
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
charge: +1
mass: 1
What is the charge and mass of an electron?
Charge: -1
Mass: 1/1836
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
Charge: 0
Mass: 1
Define Isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
Why do isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties?
The number of electrons is the same
The number of neutrons has no effect on the chemical properties
What is a cation?
A positive ion
What is an anion?
A negative ion
What is the mass defect?
The small amount of mass lost due to the strong nuclear force holding together the protons and neutrons
Define Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12
Define Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12
What is the m/z ratio?
The mass to charge ratio = relative mass of ion / relative charge of ion
What is on the axis of a m/z graph?
y-axis = percentage abundance
x-axis = m/z
When do you use the wording ‘relative molecular mass’?
When referring to simple molecules
When do you use the wording ‘relative formula mass’?
When referring to compounds with giant structures
What ions do you need to know?
PO4^3- = phosphate
Zn^2+ = zinc
CO3^2- = carbonate
SO4^2- = sulfate
SO3^2- = sulfite
Cr2O7^2- = dichromate (VI)
NH4^+ = ammonium
Ag^+ = silver
NO3^- = nitrate
NO2^- = nitrite
OH^- = hydroxide
HCO3^- = hydrogencarbonate
MnO4^- = manganate (VII) (permanganate)
What diatomic molecules do you need to know?
H2 = hydrogen
N2 = nitrogen
O2 = oxygen
F2 = fluorine
Br2 = bromine
I2 = iodine
P4 = phosphorus
S8 = sulfur
