2-AtomicStructure Flashcards
Explain the periodic table
Horizontal- periods
Vertical- groups
Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
Elements in same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of outer electrons and same valency
Non metals are on the right side of the zig zag line
What are the groups in the periodic table?
1- the alkali metals
2- the alkaline earth metals
2- the transition metals
7- the halogens
8- the noble gases
Explain the reactivity of the groups
Alkali metals- increases as you go down the group, very reactive
Alkaline earth metals- increases on moving down the group, not that reactive
Transition metals- not that reactive
Haloes- very reactive, decreases down the group
Noble gases- unreactive
How do you explain an atom that has an equal amount of negative electrons and positive protons?
Opposite charges cancel each other out making the atom neutral
Explain the numbers in nuclide notation
Atomic number= number of protons
Number of protons= number of electrons
Mass number= number of neutrons+atomic number
Number of neutrons= mass number - atomic number
How do you set up nuclide notation
Mass number
Symbol
Atomic number
Explain PEN
(Number of) Protons Nuclide
(Number of) electrons Notation
Neutrons- atomic mass number-atomic number
Explain the 3 particles that atoms are made up of
Protons- positively charged/increases net charge 1
- found in nucleus of atom
- mass is 1 amu (atomic mass unit)
Electrons- negatively charged/ decreases net charge 1
- found spinning around nucleus
- mass is almost 0 amu
Neutrons- no charge/ net charge stays same
- found in the nucleus of the atom
- mass is 1 amu
All elements are made up of tiny particles called …..?
Atoms
Electron are arranged in …… levels round the nucleus
Energy
The first energy can hold up to . Electrons but the second level can old up to . Electrons
2
8
What is an ion?
Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
There are more positive protons than negative electrons
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers, or as atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Mass numbers can vary which means it can have different numbers of neutrons
Most elements have 2 or more isotopes
Explain the relative atomic mass (RAM)
Calculated from the masses of all the isotopes of an element
Whichever mass number is closer to the RAM is more abundant
Calculation:
(Percent/100 x mass number)+(Percent/100 x mass number)=RAM
