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AN SC 101 Principles Of Agriculture > 2 Animal Structure > Flashcards

2 Animal Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Gallus domesticus

A

Chicken

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2
Q

Melleagris gallopavo

A

Turkey

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3
Q

Anas platyrhyncha

A

Duck

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4
Q

Equus caballus

A

Horse

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5
Q

Bos taurus

A

European cattle

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6
Q

Bos indicus

A

Tropical cattle

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7
Q

Ovis aries

A

Sheep

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8
Q

Capra hircus

A

Goat

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9
Q

Sus scrofa

A

Swine

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10
Q

Age/sex specific terms: chickens

A

Chick- baby
Pullet- pre-laying hen
Cockerel- juvenile male
Capon- castrated male
Hen- adult female
Rooster- adult male

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11
Q

Age/sex specific terms: turkeys

A

Poult- baby
Hokie- castrated male
Hen- adult female
Tom- adult male

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12
Q

Age/sex specific terms: horses

A

Foal- baby
Filly- female baby
Colt- male baby
Gelding- castrated male
Mare- adult female
Stallion- adult male

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13
Q

Age/sex specific terms: cows

A

Calf- baby
Heifer- pre-puberty female
Steer- castrated male
Cow- adult female
Bull- adult male

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14
Q

Age/sex specific terms: swine

A

Piglet- baby
Gilt- juvenile
Barrow- castrated male
Sow- adult female
Boar- adult male

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15
Q

Age/sex specific terms: sheep

A

Lamb- baby
Ewe lamb- female baby
Ram lamb- male baby
Wether- castrated male
Ewe- adult female
Ram- adult male

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16
Q

Age/sex specific terms: goats

A

Kid- baby
Doeling- baby girl
Buckling- baby boy
Wether- castrated male
Doe- adult female
Buck- adult male

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17
Q

Name beef cuts left to right and top to bottom

A

Chuck/brisket/shank
Rib/plate
Short loin/flank
Sirloin/tenderloin/top sirloin/bottom sirloin
Round/shank

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18
Q

Name the pork cuts left to right and top to bottom

A

Jowl
Boston butt/picnic shoulder/foot
Loin/spare rib/side
Ham

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19
Q

That are the parts of a vertebrate

A

Centrum
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process

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20
Q

What is a t-bone steak

A

A cut containing the lumbar vertebrate

Adjacent to spinous process:
Erector spinae (strip loin)
-Iliocostalis (most distal)
-Longissimus (medial)
-Spinalis (most medial)

Adjacent to articular process:
Psoas muscle (tenderloin)

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21
Q

What is a birds tail bone called?

A

Pygostyle

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22
Q

What is a birds sternum called?

A

Keel bone, pectoralis major attaches here

23
Q

What bone in birds is analagous to the scapula process and evolved for flight?

A

Coracoid

24
Q

What muscles pull a birds wings up/down?

A

Pectoralis major (down)
Pectoralis minor (up)

25
Q

How does the respiratory system of a bird look?

A

9 air sacs

Air sacs filled with inhalation

Air sacs are emptied through the lungs on exhalation

26
Q

Hypothalamus hormones

A

GnRH
GnIH

27
Q

Adeno-hypophysis (anterior pituitary) hormones

A

LH
FSH
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
GH

28
Q

Ovary hormones

A

Estrogen
Progesterone

29
Q

Testes hormones

A

Testosterone

30
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones

A

Cortisol
Corticosterone (birds)

31
Q

Neuro-hypophysis (posterior pituitary) hormones

A

Oxytocin
ADH

32
Q

Pancreas hormones

A

Insulin
Glucagon

33
Q

What is the hypothalamic-adenhypiphyseal-gonadal axis?

A

Hypothalamus- releasing hormones (GnRH)
Andenohypophysis- gonadotrophins (FSH, LH)
Gonads- steroids (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone)

34
Q

Mare reproductive cycle

A

Puberty: 18 months
Estrous cycle: 21 days
Estrus length: 5 days
Gestation: 336 days (11 months)

35
Q

Cow reproductive cycle

A

Puberty: 4-24 months
Estrous cycle: 21 days
Estrus length: 18 hours
Gestation: 282 days (9 months)

36
Q

Ewe reproductive cycle

A

Puberty: 4-12 months (first fall)
Estrous cycle: 16.5 days
Estrus length: 24-28 hours
Gestation: 150 days (5 months)

37
Q

Sow reproductive cycle

A

Puberty: 3-7 months
Estrous cycle: 21 days
Estrus length: 2 days
Gestation: 114 days (3m 3w 3d)

38
Q

What causes ovulation

A

A surge of LH (also estrogen and FSH)

39
Q

What produces progesterone in birds vs mammals

A

Birds: the largest follicle
Mammals: corpus luteum

40
Q

How do chickens come into lay

A

Photostimulation

41
Q

Corpus albican

A

Scar from corpus lutem

42
Q

How do how estrous cycles get syncronized?

A

2 doses of PGF2-alpha
- break down corpus luteum
-stop estrous cycle, abort, cause uterine contraction

43
Q

What kinds of follicles do hens have, what connects them, which become layed eggs

A

Large white
Large yellow
Small white
Small yellow

Stroma connects them

LYF are laid, take 1 day to form shell

44
Q

What is the sperm storage tubule in hens

A

A spot where sperm is nourished and stored, can do 1 fertilization per week

45
Q

Where are chicken eggs fertilized

A

Infundibulum

46
Q

Magnum

A

Thin/thick albumen applied

47
Q

Isthmus

A

Incomplete shell membrane

48
Q

Shell gland (sorta uterus)

A

Shell is deposited (colour)

49
Q

How many oviducts do chickens have

A

1 (left), 1 vestigal (right)

50
Q

How are eggs protected from feces

A

Vagina is everted

51
Q

What do birds have instead of a corpus luteum

A

Post ovulatory follicle, doesnt do anything

52
Q

What are the layers of an egg shell from outside to inside

A

Cuticle
Calcareous layer
Outer shell membrane
Inner shell membrane
Outer thin albumen
Air cell (bottom)
Firm albumen
Inner thin albumen
Chalaziferous albumen

53
Q

What are the layers of an egg yolk from outside to inside

What is attached to it

A

Yolk
Germinal disc
Dark yolk layer
Light yolk layer

2 Chalazae

54
Q

S shaped penis is also called

A

Sigmoid penis

AN SC 101 Principles Of Agriculture (17 decks)

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