2 Animal Structure Flashcards
Gallus domesticus
Chicken
Melleagris gallopavo
Turkey
Anas platyrhyncha
Duck
Equus caballus
Horse
Bos taurus
European cattle
Bos indicus
Tropical cattle
Ovis aries
Sheep
Capra hircus
Goat
Sus scrofa
Swine
Age/sex specific terms: chickens
Chick- baby
Pullet- pre-laying hen
Cockerel- juvenile male
Capon- castrated male
Hen- adult female
Rooster- adult male
Age/sex specific terms: turkeys
Poult- baby
Hokie- castrated male
Hen- adult female
Tom- adult male
Age/sex specific terms: horses
Foal- baby
Filly- female baby
Colt- male baby
Gelding- castrated male
Mare- adult female
Stallion- adult male
Age/sex specific terms: cows
Calf- baby
Heifer- pre-puberty female
Steer- castrated male
Cow- adult female
Bull- adult male
Age/sex specific terms: swine
Piglet- baby
Gilt- juvenile
Barrow- castrated male
Sow- adult female
Boar- adult male
Age/sex specific terms: sheep
Lamb- baby
Ewe lamb- female baby
Ram lamb- male baby
Wether- castrated male
Ewe- adult female
Ram- adult male
Age/sex specific terms: goats
Kid- baby
Doeling- baby girl
Buckling- baby boy
Wether- castrated male
Doe- adult female
Buck- adult male
Name beef cuts left to right and top to bottom
Chuck/brisket/shank
Rib/plate
Short loin/flank
Sirloin/tenderloin/top sirloin/bottom sirloin
Round/shank
Name the pork cuts left to right and top to bottom
Jowl
Boston butt/picnic shoulder/foot
Loin/spare rib/side
Ham
That are the parts of a vertebrate
Centrum
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process
What is a t-bone steak
A cut containing the lumbar vertebrate
Adjacent to spinous process:
Erector spinae (strip loin)
-Iliocostalis (most distal)
-Longissimus (medial)
-Spinalis (most medial)
Adjacent to articular process:
Psoas muscle (tenderloin)
What is a birds tail bone called?
Pygostyle
What is a birds sternum called?
Keel bone, pectoralis major attaches here
What bone in birds is analagous to the scapula process and evolved for flight?
Coracoid
What muscles pull a birds wings up/down?
Pectoralis major (down)
Pectoralis minor (up)
How does the respiratory system of a bird look?
9 air sacs
Air sacs filled with inhalation
Air sacs are emptied through the lungs on exhalation
Hypothalamus hormones
GnRH
GnIH
Adeno-hypophysis (anterior pituitary) hormones
LH
FSH
Prolactin
TSH
ACTH
GH
Ovary hormones
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testes hormones
Testosterone
Adrenal cortex hormones
Cortisol
Corticosterone (birds)
Neuro-hypophysis (posterior pituitary) hormones
Oxytocin
ADH
Pancreas hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
What is the hypothalamic-adenhypiphyseal-gonadal axis?
Hypothalamus- releasing hormones (GnRH)
Andenohypophysis- gonadotrophins (FSH, LH)
Gonads- steroids (progesterone, estrogen, testosterone)
Mare reproductive cycle
Puberty: 18 months
Estrous cycle: 21 days
Estrus length: 5 days
Gestation: 336 days (11 months)
Cow reproductive cycle
Puberty: 4-24 months
Estrous cycle: 21 days
Estrus length: 18 hours
Gestation: 282 days (9 months)
Ewe reproductive cycle
Puberty: 4-12 months (first fall)
Estrous cycle: 16.5 days
Estrus length: 24-28 hours
Gestation: 150 days (5 months)
Sow reproductive cycle
Puberty: 3-7 months
Estrous cycle: 21 days
Estrus length: 2 days
Gestation: 114 days (3m 3w 3d)
What causes ovulation
A surge of LH (also estrogen and FSH)
What produces progesterone in birds vs mammals
Birds: the largest follicle
Mammals: corpus luteum
How do chickens come into lay
Photostimulation
Corpus albican
Scar from corpus lutem
How do how estrous cycles get syncronized?
2 doses of PGF2-alpha
- break down corpus luteum
-stop estrous cycle, abort, cause uterine contraction
What kinds of follicles do hens have, what connects them, which become layed eggs
Large white
Large yellow
Small white
Small yellow
Stroma connects them
LYF are laid, take 1 day to form shell
What is the sperm storage tubule in hens
A spot where sperm is nourished and stored, can do 1 fertilization per week
Where are chicken eggs fertilized
Infundibulum
Magnum
Thin/thick albumen applied
Isthmus
Incomplete shell membrane
Shell gland (sorta uterus)
Shell is deposited (colour)
How many oviducts do chickens have
1 (left), 1 vestigal (right)
How are eggs protected from feces
Vagina is everted
What do birds have instead of a corpus luteum
Post ovulatory follicle, doesnt do anything
What are the layers of an egg shell from outside to inside
Cuticle
Calcareous layer
Outer shell membrane
Inner shell membrane
Outer thin albumen
Air cell (bottom)
Firm albumen
Inner thin albumen
Chalaziferous albumen
What are the layers of an egg yolk from outside to inside
What is attached to it
Yolk
Germinal disc
Dark yolk layer
Light yolk layer
2 Chalazae
S shaped penis is also called
Sigmoid penis
