2: Animal Diversity I Flashcards
What are the 4 Eukarya supergroups?
- Excavata
- SAR
- Archaeplastida
- Unikonta
What 2 major clades make up the Unikonta?
Amoebozoans (slime molds, amoebas) + Opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and choanoflagellates)
Example of the phyla Porifera?
Sponges
Example of the phyla Cnidaria?
Jellyfish, anemones
Example of the phyla Chordata?
Us! like mammals, vertebrates
Example of the phyla Echinodermata?
Starfish, sea urchins
Example of the phyla Platyhelminthes?
Flat worms, tapeworms
Example of the phyla Annelida?
Earthworms, leeches
Example of the phyla Mollusca?
Clams, snails
Example of the phyla Nematoda?
Round worms
Example of the phyla Arthropoda?
Insects!
List some animal characteristics
- Multicellular
- No cell walls
- Heterotrophic
What are the functions of gap junctions vs. tight junctions?
Gap junctions help cells communicate, and allow the exchange of ions. Tight junctions hold/ connect cells together
What are the 3 embryonic tissue layers?
- Ectoderm
- Mesoderm
- Endoderm
What type of life cycle do animals have? What does it mean?
A diplontic life cycle, where all cells live as diploids except for the gametes
Name the protist sister group of animals and one difference
Choanoflagelletes, which are unicellular
Which phyla has the earliest descendants of animals?
Porifera
What evidence is there that links choanoflagelletes to animals?
Their cell morphology is similar to an animals with no cell walls and no plastids
What is the function of the choanoderm layer in sponges?
Draws in food particles, passed through amoebocytes
Why are sponges totipotent?
Their cells are able to develop into any other cell, they can regenerate (self assemble, reassemble)
In which phyla did radial symmetry evolve?
Cnidaria
Which group/ phyla have no cellular membrane layer?
Parazoa, porifera
What are groups with membranes called?
Eumetazoa
What two events occurred in the early development of of Eumetazoan tissues?
Cleavage during mitosis division, and gastrulation
What are the 2 types of Cnidaria body types and their difference?
Polyp, mouth facing up, and medusa, mouth facing down
Triploblastic animals have which characteristic?
Have the 3 germ layers, and 3 grades of organization in body cavities
What is the difference between clades and grades?
Clade share a common ancestor, while grades share only a key biological feature
Give an example and the appearance of Coelomates
Earthworms, where the cavity is completely lined with the mesoderm
Give an example and the appearance of Pseudocoelomates
Round worms where the cavity is lined with the mesoderm on only one side
Give an example and the appearance of Acoelomates
Flatworms, no cavity with no space inbetween the layers
