2 Anatomy of the Heart and Circulation Flashcards
Q: Where is the mediastinum? What does it contain? (8)
A: membranous partition between between the left and right pleural cavity
-contains the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, trachea, phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic (lymph) duct, thymus and lymph nodes of the central chest.
Q: What is the pericardium? What does it consist of? (2) Describe each.
A: FIBROSEROUS sac surrounding the heart AND its great vessels
TWO layers
- outer FIBROUS (tough and doesn’t allow expansion)
- inner SEROUS (2 parts and role of secreting serous fluid)
Q: Describe the serous part of the pericardium. (2) What does it allow?
A: has TWO parts:
Parietal - lines the fibrous layer of the pericardium
Visceral - adheres to the heart
pericardial fluid is contained between these 2 serous layers-> allows for less friction
Q: What are the 2 circulations stemming from the heart?
A: -pulmonary (lungs and back)
-systemic (body and back)
Q: What are the 4 main vessels of the heart?
A: -Aorta - ascending aorta + aortic arch
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Pulmonary TRUNK
Q: How does the pulmonary trunk lead to the lungs?
A: heads posteriorly and then bifurcates and goes to the two lungs
Q: What are the branches of the aorta? (3-1=2))
A: ascending aortic arch->
first separation= brachiocephalic trunk-> (bifurcates) goes into right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery comes off if
second separtation= left common carotid artery
third separation= left subclavian artery
2nd and 3rd come directly off aortic arch
Q: Where do these structures take blood to?
right subclavian artery.
left subclavian artery.
left common carotid artery.
right common carotid artery.
brachiocephalic trunk.
A: 1 and 2 carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from the base of the neck (subclavian= go under clavical)
-subclavian also supply arms
3 and 4 supply the head/face and neck with oxygenated blood; they divide in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries
supplies and drains head and upper limbs
Q: What forms the left and right brachiocephalic veins? Role? What do they join to make?
A: -The Right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein join together to form the Right Brachiocephalic Vein
-The Left internal jugular vein an the Left subclavian vein join together to form the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
=> bring blood back from head and neck and upper limbs
Both brachiocephalic veins join together the form the Superior Vena Cava
Q: How do the orientations of the brachiocephalic veins differ?
A: left one has a sharper turn (corner)
right is straighter hence why a wire is often put down the right side as there would be less chance of damage
Q: What are the 2 valves on the right side of the heart? Include composition.
A: Tricuspid Valve = atrioventricular:
- Anterior Cusp
- Septal Cusp
- Posterior Cusp
Pulmonary Valve= between right ventricle and pulmonary artery= semilunar:
- Anterior Semilunar Cusp
- Left Semilunar Cusp
- Right Semilunar Cusp
Q: What are the valves on the left side of the heart? (2) Include composition.
A: Mitral Valve (aka bicuspid) = atrioventricular:
- Mitral Valve Anterior Cusp
- Mitral Valve Posterior Cusp
Aortic valve= between aorta and left ventricle= semi lunar:
-3 cusps
Q: What is the role of coronary artery? 2 names? blood supply? Return?
A: supply heart muscle with oxygenated blood
left and right (Origin = just above the aortic valve)
- RIGHT coronary artery = just above the RIGHT cusp of the aortic valve
- LEFT coronary artery = just above the LEFT cusp of the aortic valve
goes into right atrium (deoxygenated blood) at back of heart (first collects in coronary sinus)
Q: Give an overview of the heart’s conducting system.
A: SA-> AV-> bundle of fibres-> apex-> wave of depolarisation upwards
