2 Flashcards
Accessibility
The ease of getting from one place to another
Bid-Rent
The amount of money a particular parcel of land could expect to receive. (Synonymous with land value)
Not necessarily how much it is WORTH, but how much it expects to RECEIVE
Prime Value Intersection (PVI)
Point in the city with the greatest degree of access. Point where all other land values are determined.
Access Costs
the costs associated with distance for a particular function
Central Business District (CBD)
The core of the city, where transport networks converge and land uses are dominated by retail and office functions.
Bid Rent
Land Value at PVI – Access Costs
CBD roles in a city
Central Market Place
Major Transportation Node
Administrative Center
High-level producer services/command and control centres
High land values, high intensity
Area with few or no residential functions
The problem with allowing markets to determine value of parcels of land in the city:
Sustainability and liveability of a city is based on good land use planning.
Vancouver’s PVI
Burrard/West Georgia.
Area is home to large corporation offices, hotels, banks, govt. offices, investors, lawyers.
666 Burrard - highest rent. - 57 dollars per square ft.
Burrard station
CBD’s are being challenged by
Suburban and industrial development. These things draw people away from the CBD.
Good Density
- diversity of people (positionality)
- mixed use development
- ideally: people can live, work and play, all within walking distance
- Multimodal options: priority on walking, biking and transit
- High level of amenity (density not only liveable but loveable)
- High quality urban design
- built environments that foster social cohesion and interaction
How dense should a city be? (Brent Toderian)
At any scale, well designed density works. You can increase density and increase.
If poorly designed, increase density and living quality decreases.
No specific number because it is not a mathematical exercise - its a qualitative exercise.
Good density (Brent Toderian)
BRENT TODERIAN:
- Multimodal thinking: priority on walking, biking and transit
- High level of amenity (density not only liveable but loveable)
- High quality urban design
if you design a city for cars, you _________
if you design a city for cars, you fail everyone, including drivers.
problem with the economist’s ranking of liveability.
liveability and quality of life are often qualitative, and not just mathematical, quantifiable things
Problem with suburban sprawl
- distances between everything
- low density
- car dependent
- low quality of experience for the space available
- ## public transit doesn’t run frequently
Best transportation plan is a ______ (Brent Toderian)
Land Use Plan.
Land use and the built environment influence travel behaviours in a number of ways.
Land use and the built environment influence travel behaviours in a number of ways:
- Destinations — locating major destinations and centres
at rapid transit stations or along corridors makes them
easy to serve efficiently with frequent transit - Distance — a well-connected, fine-grain pedestrian
network enables shorter, more direct walking
connections and is easier to serve cost-effectively with
transit - Density — higher levels of residential and employment
density support more local amenities within walking and
cycling distance, and justify high levels of transit service. - Diversity — a diverse mix of land uses and housing
types makes it easier to live, work, shop, and play
without having to travel far - Design — well-designed buildings and public realm
create intere
Transport, land use and DENSITY
higher levels of residential and employment
density support more local amenities within walking and cycling distance, and justify high levels of transit service
Transport, land us and MIXED USE PLANNING
A diverse mix of land uses and housing
types makes it easier to live, work, shop, and play
without having to travel far
External factors affecting land value
- Easier for foreign investors to buy real estate due to globalization of financial markets
- Immigration increase has expanded the demand for land and housing
- Recent immigrants tend to have higher permanent incomes, which increased their housing consumption (in Vancouver)
The latest census counted more than _____ empty homes in Vancouver.
25,500 (more than 8% of the city’s total housing stock)
Empty home tax
1% of property val
CBD is the center of..
all relative costs
From a commuting perspective, the most unattractive land is on the
periphery
We spend ___ hrs a month communiting
We spend 40 hours a month commuting.
Describe the rise in Canada’s post-industrial economy
• Increased demand for knowledge, creativity, and formal
qualifications in Canadian cities
• Sectoral composition has shifted towards services-producing
industries
• Features of economic transition (list)
Sectoral composition has shifted towards ______
industries
Sectoral composition has shifted towardsservice-producing industries
Jane Jacobs top 5 principles:
Community Participation
Promote green and public space
Invest in local economies
Improve urban connectivity
Ensure safety on the street
Proximity
The physical closeness to places of importance
Features of economic transition
Decline of manufacturing base
Shift towards knowledge-based and innovation-oriented activity
Creative and Cultural economic activities become more and more important
Why is emphasis on innovation, knowledge- based economic development is troubling
Promotes an increasing social and economic divide between:
- professional, managerial, technical,
scientific workers - and lower-wage, routinized service workers
Value of land is determined by :
- the conditions of the city
- also what is happening globally
- social and economic relationships of complex urban systems shape the relative value of location (not simply
by the price someone is willing and able to pay)
Value characteristics of location are determined by two sets of attributes:
Proximity and Accessibility
Proximity and Accessibility together determine:
Value characteristics of location
Proximity and Accessibility in Canadian city Land Values today
- Proximity and accessibility to downtown have remained most valued
- Highest per-unit land prices are in the city centre and fall towards the periphery
• Growing business-related travel has increased airport locations
importance (Sub-centres around major airports)
• “Suburban downtown” land values also increased (firms are now moving for lower rents and to locate closer to suburban labour force)
What is meant by “suburban downtown”?
land values increased in suburban areas due to firms moving for lower rents and to locate closer to suburban labour force
Why is most population growth still in the suburbs?
- Transportation improvements continue to permit suburban development
- Reversal reflects a revaluation of inner-city locations by higher-income households
Explain the Structure of Land Ownership
• Base rent for urban uses is set by the least attractive land that has to be used for housing
• From commuting perspective, least attractive land at the periphery
of the city
- Land prices near the centre are driven up by people who want to reduce their commute costs
- High vs Low Income
- Growth of suburbs
Difference between lower-income households and higher-income households (STRUCTURE OF LAND OWNERSHIP)
- Higher-income households tend to want larger lots so they are drawn to periphery by lower land costs
- Lower-income households need to reduce commute costs so they tend to occupy more expensive inner-city land at higher densities
Growth of suburbs is a function of….
increasing incomes and
the preference for large homes
