2 Flashcards
High level of free PSA are most likely the result of?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
PSA conc found in normal adult males below the age of 45 would most likely be _____ ng/ml
0-4
A 75 year old male pt presents with complaint of severe low back pain, multiple urinary problems, significant unexplained weight loss, pallor and malaise. His PSA is 25 ng/ml. Prostate is enlarged. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these criteria?
Prostate cancer
DRE palpatory findings in a patient are as follows: asymmetrical, stony hard irregular nodule, 1cm protrusion into the rectum, media sulcus is obliterated. These findings would be most indicative of:
Prostate cancer
The serum PSA level divided by the prostate volume is:
A definition of PSA Density and A better differentiator of prostate problems when combined with serum PSA (A & C)
Which of the following is TRUE about cryptorchid patients in general?
Testis is arrested in normal path of descent
For testosterone to act on the prostate (to cause enlargement), it must first be converted to:
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Prostate cancer dev from cancer in situ to clinical presentation is about _____ years
10-12
A 14 yo male patient present with a suddenly developed severe pain in one testicle, followed by swelling of the entire testicle and scrotal reddening. Pt also has lower abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting. The pt has a history of unilateral cryptorchidism and recent trauma to the groin. There is no fever. What is most likely clinical consideration for this pt?
Testicular torsion
Which of the following is a risk factor for testicular cancer?
Cryptorchidism
Accounts for 1% of all male cancers; the most common cancer in males aged 15-34%; often asymptomatic in early stages best describes:
Testicular cancer
Lab test most pertinent to a suspected case of prostate cancer would include
Acid and Alkaline phosphatase
The most common presenting complaint in a 28 year old male is a painless unilateral swelling or nodule in the testis, usually as an incidental finding by the pt or his sexual partner. Scrotal or lower abdominal pain (dull ache, heaviness) occurs in about one third of these pos. Pt also has an abdominal mass and extensive lymphadenopathy. No history of trauma. Pt has a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. This is a profile typical of _____.
Testicular cancer
The thin layer of connective tissue that separates the prostate from the rectum is known as
Denonvillier’s fascia
A 51 yo male presents with a history of nocturne, frequency, and urgency about half the time. He states that fro the last month he has had difficulty starting and maintaining his urine stream ( has to push or strain) more than half the time. He always feels like his bladder is not empty after urinating. On PE, the prostate is found to be enlarged, contender, rubbery, and boggy. His PSA lvl is 2.7 ng/ml. Does not have a fever. Which of the following is the most likely diagnose based on the data collected so far?
BPH
Prostate cancer can be compared to ____ cancer, as they both are unusually similar in respect to: lifetime risks, age at diagnosis, response to hormone therapy, new cases annually
Breast
DRE placatory findings in a pt are as follows: symmetrical, boggy, smooth, rubbery and median sulcus is partially obliterated. This is?
BPH
PSA levels can be elevated by which of the following?
AOTA
If the prostate gland becomes malignant and cancer cells begin to spread, the metastatic will most likely go to the?
lumbar spine
70% of prostate cancer tissue is found in the ____ zone
Peripheral
Brachytherapy is a radiotherapy treatment most commonly used for ____ cancer
Prostate
A weak urine steam with decreased caliber is a classic symptom for?
BPH
BPH often begins in the transition zone which surrounds the
Urethra
According to autopsy studies, in men over age 90 there is a ____%
100
A gleason grade 5 (this is not the Gleason score where the 2 grades are added together) would be indicative of:
2 of the above
Significant findings w/ the PSA Velocity Test would be an increase of ___ ng/ml/yr.
.75
T or F: In order to protect the fertility of the cryptorchid patient, their testes should be in the crotum by age 1.
True
Dorsal curvature of the penis is known as:
Peyronie’s disease
T/F: Men can perform their own DRE prostate exam.
True
Prostate cancer kills about __ men per year in U.S.
32,000
T/F: 80% of testicular cancer patients will have systemic metastatic signs at the time of diagnosis.
False
A 25 Y.O. male patient recently experienced groin trauma presents w/ painless scrotal swelling that arises in the morning and becomes larger and tense throughout the day. Transillumination of scrotal fluid. These describe what?
Hydrocele
A testicular cystic mass containing thin white cloudy fluid and is freely movable describes:
Spermatocele
Downward/ventral curvature of the penis
Chordee
A 21 Y.O. man recently recovered from the mumps and complains of a swollen and sudden onset of a painful left testicle. Physical exam shows testicular tenderness, enlargement , and hardening. Most likely?
Orchitis
Possible tumor marker(s) for testicular cancer would be?
All of the above
lactate dehydrog., alpha feto-protein, human chorionic gonadotropin
The group w/ highest incidence of cryptorchidism would be:
Premature infant boys
One characteristic of testicular cancer:
Testicular dysgenesis is a risk factor
Patient w/ priapism would be complaining of:
Unrelenting erection
A 25 Y.O. male presents w/ a history of recurrent UTI, fever, malaise, and dysuria. Most likely:
Prostatitis
Estrogens and progestins given to mothers during pregnancy are known to increase incidence of:
Hypospadia
The foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis and cannot be pulled back to its normal position covering the glans. This is known as:
Paraphimosis
A 30 Y.O. sexually overactive male patient presents w/ fever, rapid progressive onset of scrotal pain and urethral discharge. Only the superior portion of the testes is tender, enlarged and indurated. Most likely condition?
Epididymitis
Define hypospadia
Opening of penis is on the underside of the hand
Define androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC)
Early stage tumor growth that requires androgens for proliferation and regulation.
List 5 conditions/events that can elevate PSA levels
Prostatitis, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, UTI, Normal aging, Post ejaculation
List 5 natural treatments that prostate patients might benefit from
Pumpkin/watermelon seed, Corn silk, Consuming more fish (Omega 3’s), Stinging nettle, Palmetto extract, Adequate water
Write 3 ways in which the signs and symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer may differ
Increase of PSA in BPH not as steep, dribbling of urine seen in BPH, Cancer has elevated Alkaline phosphatase
