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Spring '14-127 (Exam 1) > 2/3/14- Orofacial Development > Flashcards

2/3/14- Orofacial Development Flashcards

1
Q

When do branchial arches start to form?

A

27 to 28 days the arches start to form the face and the hyoid bone

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2
Q

Primitively speaking, what are the branchial arches?

A

Primitive gills

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3
Q

How many branchial arches are there?

A

5 pairs

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4
Q

What are the branchial arches?

A
  1. Mandibular arch
  2. Hyoid
  3. Thyrohyoid
    4 & 5 are not distinct or named
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5
Q

What is the ear placement during formation?

A

Ears are low and rotated on their back as they develop and move up and come forward

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6
Q

Which process is an extension of the front of the head?

A

Frontonasal process

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7
Q

Why is it possible to NOT have a midline cleft in the facial structure (skull or nose)?

A

Because we have a frontonasal process

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8
Q

What consists of our premaxilla?

A
  • 4 front teeth
  • front part of the nose
  • forehead is all one piece (Is the forehead part of the premaxilla?)
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9
Q

What direction is the maxilla coming in towards?

A

center

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10
Q

What direction is the palatine process forming from?

A

It is pointing down and have to move towards the center and the palatine processes have to swing up.

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11
Q

T/F

Palatine processes and palatal shelves are the same thing?

A

True

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12
Q

What is the palatal shelf made of?

A

a boney/hard palate

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13
Q

What happens if the tongue does not move out of the way when the palatal shelf/palatine process are trying to fuse

A

the palatine process/palatal shelf will not fuse to the nasal spine.

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14
Q

What are the 4 structures that must come together during fusion?

A

Nasal spine, 2 palatal shelf, and premaxilla.

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15
Q

Where must the 4 structures fuse from?

A

the front (incisive foramen) pieces will come together from the front and then start fusing towards the back

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16
Q

T/F

The 4 structures for fusion have to occur during a specific timeframe?

A

True

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17
Q

What happens if the fusion doesn’t happen in the correct timeframe

A

Cleft

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18
Q

What has to happen in order for these 4 structures to fuse?

A

The molecular edges of these structures start to disintegrate so the molecules can integrate and fuse.

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19
Q

Describe the embryonic period, specifically the period of dividing zygote, and implantation?

A
  • Starts with 2 gametes forming the zygote.
  • then the zygote divides into 2 cells
  • then forms into a blastomere
  • morula
  • Followed by a blastocyst/trophoblast
  • attachment to uterine wall
  • Gastrolation
  • embryonic disk
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20
Q

When does the CNS complete it’s development?

A

26-28 years of age

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21
Q

When is the heart done developing?

A

9 weeks (embryonic period)

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22
Q

T/F

Eyes, teeth and external gentalia finish developing before birth

A

Falst

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23
Q

When does early palate development finish?

A

9th week.

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24
Q

When does late palate development finish?

A

12 weeks

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25
Q

What type of cleft do you get if the right palatine shelf is in position and fuses with the nasal spine but the left ps is not there yet?

A

Unilateral left cleft

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26
Q

What do you get if neither ps is in place at time of the fusion window?

A

Bilateral cleft

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27
Q

What cleft is the most common?

A

Unilateral left cleft

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28
Q

What does a complete cleft mean?

A

The cleft runs from the front (alveolar ridge) to the back (soft palate)

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29
Q

COLUMELLA???

A

.

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30
Q

What type of simple procedure can be done to pull down the premaxilla?

A

Surgical tape to pull it down into place

31
Q

What is another term for bifiduvula?

A

Microcleft

32
Q

Should the palatal arch be pointed or rounded?

A

Rounded

33
Q

What is it called when the palatal arch is pointed?

A

tenting

34
Q

T/F

Timing of fusion is an inherited trait?

A

True

35
Q

What are some other thoughts that could cause cleft besides timing?

A
  • Exposure to medication during the window of fusion
  • Nuturition….folic acid is vital because there is a strong correlation to cleft when folic acid is missing from the diet
36
Q

What are the different types of cleft?

A
  • Cleft lip (unilateral or bilateral cleft)
  • Cleft alveolus
  • cleft of the primary palate
  • cleft of the secondary palate
  • submucous cleft
  • complete cleft (Unilateral and bilateral)
37
Q

What structures can you have a cleft in?

A
  • Palatine processess/palatine bones of the maxilla/secondary palate
  • Palatine bones
  • soft palate
38
Q

What structure will a cleft not develop in?

A

Premaxilla/primary palate because there is a single formation- this is a midlim structure that grows down

39
Q

What teeth are held in the premaxilla?

A

4 incisors

40
Q

What holds the rest of the dentition?

A

Palatine processes of the maxillas

41
Q

What is occlusion?

A

Normal closure of the teeth. If the front teeth are placed so the top 4 teeth fit over and in front of the bottom 4 teeth a little bit of the bottom 4 teeth should still show

42
Q

What is malocclusion?

A

It is the anterior-posterior (AP) relationship to the molars

43
Q

What is an overjet?

A

If the top 4 teeth are too far in front of the bottom 4 teeth and the bottom 4 teeth do not show.

44
Q

Is overjet the same or different than a malocclusion?

A

Different. Malocclusion is talking about the alignment of the molars.

45
Q

What defines our future dental health, whether we are susceptible to TMJ, breaking our teeth or pain with chewing or uneven tooth ware?

A

The alignment of the molars

46
Q

What is a class I malocclusion?

A

Teeth are crooked and the molar relationship is accurate.

47
Q

What is a class II malocclusion?

A

The first maxillary molar is too far forward. Your typical overbite. The maxilla is too far forward in relation to the mandible.

48
Q

What is a class III malocclusion?

A

Maxilla is retrograde/retruded.

The maxilla is too far back behind the mandible. The maxilla didn’t develop properly. The shelves did not fuse properly. Top polars are behind the bottom molars.

49
Q

How are malocclusions measured?

A

mm

50
Q

What is a cross-bite?

A

Lateral relationship of the molars is incorrect.

The upper arch overlaps the lower arch. The upper arch is just a little further out than the lower arch by roughly 1/4 of a tooth. If the upper arch collapses lingually that is a cross-bite.

51
Q

How do we describe a cross-bite?

A

By it’s position

52
Q

What is a posterior cross-bite?

A

The upper molars have collapsed inward towards the tongue.

53
Q

What is an anterior lingual cross-bite?

A

The upper maxillary arch is outside of the mandibular arch, but the bicuspids have collapsed in. Cuspids and incisors relationship.

54
Q

Look at pictures of teeth and identify what type of bite it is.

A

.

55
Q

What do open bites affect?

A

sibilants

56
Q

What will happen if there is very little formation of the palatine shelves, and there isn’t much bone in the maxilla because of an abnormal growth pattern?

A

The teeth will pile on top of each other.

57
Q

With a cleft in the alveolar ridge, when will the bone graft be done?

A

Roughly at 9-10 years of age.

58
Q

Where is the bone graft taken from?

A

The iliac crest

59
Q

What are deciduous dentition?

A

baby teeth

60
Q

What direction are baby teeth lettered?

A

From top right, then continue to letter the teeth to the left maxillary left posterior arch, then go straight down.

Top right, top left, bottom left, bottom right.

61
Q

What is another term for premolar?

A

cuspids and bicuspids

62
Q

Look at the teeth picture and know the names of the teeth

A

.

63
Q

T/F

cleft palate is a surgical fix?

A

True

64
Q

What is the primary effect of a cleft palate?

A

speech.

The misplaced dentition can have a real effect on phonemes, fricatives and affricates primarily.

65
Q

Besides speech, what is the biggest effect of a cleft palate?

A

The velopharyngeal port.

With no veloppharyngeal closure, there can’t be any consonant production. Consonants are caused by impounding oral pressure.

66
Q

What iso the most important muscle of veloppharyngeal closure?

A

Levator (veli palatini)

67
Q

What is the most important pharyngeal muscle and why?

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor because it takes a part in veloppharyngeal port closure

68
Q

What is musculus uvulae?

A

Levator
Tensor
Musculus uvulae

These all participate superior pharyngeal constrictor and must come together at center.

69
Q

What musicale is important for Eustation tube function?

A

Tensor veli palatini.

If tensor palatini hasn’t come together in the muscular sling, then Eustation tube function is shot. Most cleft palate babies are ear infection babies.

70
Q

t/f

Pharynx is muscle?

A

True

She didn’t talk about this muscle, so I didn’t have much more in my notes

71
Q

Describe the muscular sling

A

Levator and tensor come from a voce, swing into the center and form the muscular sling at a midline rafi.

72
Q

Is the soft palate fused?

A

No

73
Q

t/f

Muscles are held together by the midline rafi

A

True

74
Q

Talk through the process of a cleft and the muscles of the velum that are present. What happens to the form?

A

The muscles of the velum instead of attaching at the center they are going to come in from the side. If the muscles cannot come center because there is a cleft, the orientation of the muscles will attach to the boney palate. If the muscles are attached to the boney palate (forward) they they end up being short. This will result in a short velum. During surgery when the cleft is fixed, the muscles still might be too short resulting in the velum being too short and there still will not be proper velopharyngeal port closure.

Spring '14-127 (Exam 1) (5 decks)

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