#2

Question 1

What is a seed?

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction propagule of an angionsperm

Question 2

_________ are pollinated and mature to from the grass seed.

Answer 2

Florets

Question 3

Grass seed consists of a __________sandwiched between two floral bracts, the ________- and ________.

Answer 3

caryopsis, lemma, palea

Question 4

What is inside the caryopsis?

________

__________

_________

_____________

_____________-

Answer 4

Seed Coat

Pericarp

Aleurone

Embryo

Endosperm

Question 5

What is the Aleurone?

Answer 5

Thin, proteing aceous layer, plays important role in germination

Question 6

Embryo

Answer 6

Minature Plant

Question 7

Endosperm

Answer 7

food supply for sustaining the plant during germination until it is capable of producting its own food through photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the Scutellum?

Located between the ___________ and __________

absorbs food stored in the _________

Answer 8

Embryonic tissue

Question 9

Coleoptile

Answer 9

Protective sheath of the embryonic shoot

Question 10

Shoot Apex

Answer 10

Meristem where new shoots arise from

(From Embryo)

Question 11

Coleorhiza

1.

2.

3.

Answer 11

1. Sheath that protects the radicle
2. Anchors seed in soil
3. Absorbs water and nutrients from soil

Question 12

3 necessry factors for germination

Answer 12

Water

Proper Temperature

Oxygen

Question 13

What is not possible until the seed imbibes water? (Required for metabolic processes)

Answer 13

Germination

Question 14

Break down the Biochemical Events of Germination

1.

2.

3.

4.

5

6

7

8

Answer 14

1. Water initiates process
2. Seed Absorbs water and swells and develops pressure within
3. Sead coat ruptures and respiration occurs (requring O2)
4. Respiration initiates biochemical and morphological events —-> plant
5. Triggers scutellum to produce hormones (giberellins)
6. Giberellins stimulate aleurone layer to make enzymes
7. Enzymes make starch into sugar (nourishes the embryo)
8. Embryo starts to grow

Question 15

morphological events

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Answer 15

1. Caryopsis with embryo
2. Seed coat cracks
   - Coleorhiza emerges, anchors embryo in soil, and absorbs water
3. Radicle pushes through the side of coleorhiza and penetrates the soil
4. primary roots emerge laterally from seed
5. coleoptile emerges, heads toward surface
6. roots begin to branch
7. coleoptile breaks soil surface, plumule emerges through coleoptile

Question 16

What happens once the Plumule emerges from the soil?

1

2

3

4

Answer 16

1. Photosynthesis begins, seedling becomes independent of endosperm for food supply
2. Now you need sunglight, food source is gone

3 Adventitious Roots develop from nodes at base of new shoot

4. Seminal roots die, adventitious roots remain

Question 17

Successful Seedling Development

1

2

3

4

Answer 17

1. Available Moisture - seedling susceptible to desiccation
2. Temperature- soil temps critical for germination
3. Sufficient Light- Cool season grass does not require light for germination, however, some warm season grassses have a light requirement (crabgrass)
4. Oxygen