2/28 UWORLD test # 27 Flashcards
Q 1. What breast disease is the most common cause of nipple discharge (serous or bloody)? What is histologic finding?
- intraductal papilloma: can be serious and bloody
- projection of papillary cells with fibrovascular core
Q 1. Is fat necrosis associated with bloody nipple discharge? What is commonly associated with it? What is histologic finding?
HELL NO.
- fat necrosis is commonly associated with trauma
- calcification (saponification)
Q 1. What breast disease is associated with apocrine metaplasia? Is it associated with bloody nipple discharge?
fibrocystic changes
NO DISCHARGE
What breast diseases (3) are associated with nipple discharge? characteristics of discharge for each?
- Intraductal papilloma: bloody/serous discharge
- mammary duct ectasia: green-brown discharge
- acute mastitis: purulent discharge
Q 4. ST elevation in leads I and aVL: where is infarct? which coronary artery occlusion?
- lateral side
- left circumflex
Q 4. ST elevation in leads II,III, and aVF: where is infarct?which coronary artery occlusion?
- inferior
- right coronal artery
Q 4. ST elevation in lead V7-V9: where is infarct? which coronary artery occlusion?
- posterior
- posteior descending artery
Q 4. ST elevation in lead V1, V2: where is infarct? which coronary artery occlusion?
- anteroseptal
- proximal left anterior descending artery
Q 4. ST elevation in lead V3, V4: where is infarct? which coronary artery occlusion?
- anteroapical
- distal left anterior descending artery
Q 4. ST elevation in lead V5, V6: where is infarct? which coronary artery occlusion?
- anterolateral
- left circumflex or left anterior descending
Q 4. ST DEPRESSION in V1-V3 with tall R wave: where is infarct? which coronary artery occlusion?
- posterior
- posterior descending artery
Q 6. What cell mediates inflammation in sarcoidosis? What lab values (3) can be used?
CD4+ T cell
- elevated CD4/CD8 ratio
- hypercalcemia
- elevated ACE
Q 7. diplopia, intact upward gaze, problem with downward gaze (reading). Which CN is impaired?
trochlear (CN 4)
superior oblique is the only muscle that does depression (and intorsion as well)
Q 8. Define borderline disorder
- mood instability, self-injury, marked impulsity
- splitting common for ego self-defence
Q 8. Define disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
persistent irritability with frequent temper outburst
Q 8. What adolescence behaviors are considered to be normal? How can it be differentiated by other psychological disorder?
- transient emotional outburst is considered to be normal
- severity, DURATION, FREQUENCY are keys
Q 9. Where does amino acid binds to tRNA? Explain nature of chemical bond
3-OH
Ester bond
Q 10. Through what pathway are odd number fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, methionine, and threonine metabolized? what are metabolic intermediates (4)?
Propionyl-CoA-> methylmalonyl-CoA -> Succinyl coA
Q 10. Describe how these are altered in methlymalonic acidemia
- glucose
- ketone
- ammonia
- acidosis: accumulation of methylmalonic acid
- hyperammoniemia: acid prevent urea cycle
- hypoglycemia
- high ketone
Q 12. repetitive behavior and lack of social engagement. Diagnosis?
Autism spectrum disorder
Q 14. What is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis?
prior rheumatic carditis
Q 15. macrophage vs. ciliated cell: both are responsible for clearing of foreign material in respiratory system. what is the main difference?
LOCATION
macrophage: alveolar and distal respiratory bronchiole (as ciliated cuboidal cell becomes squamous)
ciliated cell: from bronchi to proximal respiratory bronchiole
Q 20. Catheter insertion through what vessels are recommended? Which vessel has the highest infection rate?
- subclavian & internal jugular
- femoral vein has the highest infection risk.
Because groin area is dirty!
Q 20. Will frequent change of catheter helps reducing infection risk?
NO
Taking out catheter ASAP when no longer needed is much more effective in reducing infection risk
