2/28 test Flashcards
Treaty
an agreement with a foreign government negotiation by the president and requiring 2/3rds vote in the senate to ratify
Veto
formal rejection by the president of a bill that passes both houses of congress
Pocket Veto
An informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days during a time when congress has adjourned at the end of a session.
Presidential pardon
Presidential authority to release individuals convicted of a crime from legal consequences and set aside punishment for crime
Executive privilege
a right claimed by presidents to kept certain conversation, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of congress
Executive agreement
an agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the american system as a treaty does not require senate ratification.
Signing statement
written comments issued by presidents while signing a bill into law that usually consist of political statements ot reasons for signing the bill but may also include a presidents interpretation
Executive order
policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval
War powers resolution
a law passed over president Nixon’s Veto that restricts the power of president to maintain troops in combat for more than 60 days without congressional authorization
Impeachment
The process of removing a president from office,with articles of impeachment issues by a majority vote in the HOR, followed by a trial in the senate with a 2/3rds vote necessary to convict and remove
Bully pulpit
Presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her pollices
Going public
a tactic through which presidents reach out directly to the american people with the hope that the people will in turn put pressure upon their representatives and senators to press for a president’s policy goal
Lame duck
In politics, a lame duck or outgoing politician is an elected official whose successor has already been elected of will be soon
federal bureaucracy
the departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation
political patronage
filling of administrative positions as a reward for support, rather that solely on merit
pendleton act
an act of congress in 1883 that created the 1st US civil service commission to draw up and enforce rules of hiring, promotion, and tenure of office, within the civil service
Federal civil service
the merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments
Merit system
a system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather that policies and personal connections
iron triangle
coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
Issue network
webs of influence between interest groups, policy makers, and policy advocates
bureaucratic discretion
the power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what congress meant when it passed a law
regulation
The process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law to carry out the laws passed by congress
Bureaucratic adjudication
when the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between particles that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program
isolation
a foreign policy theory in which a country does not get involved in other countries matters
foreign policy
how we interact and develop policies with other countries
disengagement
the belief that the US was harmed by its war in vietnam and so should avoid supposedly similar events
