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EPPP Take 2 > 2/24/18 > Flashcards

2/24/18 Flashcards

1
Q

Insight learning

A

Kohler.

Used caged chimpanzee.

Reflects an internal cognitive restructuring of the perceptual field and enhances the organism’s ability to achieve its goals

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2
Q

Bandura’s research found that

A
  • Boys and girls imitate same gendered models
  • Boys and girls equally imitated verbal aggression, but boys were more likely than girls imitate physical aggression
  • Providing incentive for physical aggression reduced gender difference
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3
Q

Backwards conditioning

A

When the CS follows the US

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4
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Consists of channels that transport proteins to other locations in the cell

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5
Q

Mild Intellectual Disability

A
  • May not be apparent until child is school age and has trouble with educational demands
  • Generally acquire communication and social skills during preschool years
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6
Q

Selection Ratio

A

Number of openings per number of applicants

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7
Q

Types of forward conditioning

A
  1. Delay conditioning
  2. Trace conditioning
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8
Q

Law of Effect

A

Responses to stimuli that produce a satisfying or pleasant state of affairs are more likely to occur.

Conversely, responses that produce a discomforting, annoying, or unpleasant effect are less likely to occur again.

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9
Q

Otitis media

A

An infection of the middle ear that can lead to hearing loss

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

A

Emotions result from perception of bodily sensations of physiological changes

i.e. We feel sad because we cry, we do not cry because we are sad

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12
Q

Fechner’s law

A

The physical stimulus changes are logarithmically related to their psychological sensations

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13
Q

Who is responsible for organizational citizenship behavior

A

Organ

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14
Q

Examples of cholinesterase inhibitors

A
  • Tacrine or Cognex
  • Donepezil or Aricept
  • Galantamine or Reminyl
  • Rivastigmine or Exelon
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15
Q

Rivastigmine or Exelon

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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16
Q

How to resolve ethical issues with colleagues

A

(1) First try informal resolution if appropriate
(2) Formal compliant if involves substantial harm or informal resolutions doesn’t work
(3) NEVER VIOLATE CONFIDENTIALITY

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17
Q

Prenatal etiologies for Intellectual Disability

A
  • Genetic syndromes
  • Inborn errors in metabolism
  • Brain malformations
  • Maternal disease
  • Environmental influences such as alcohol intake or other teratogens
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18
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

An increase in the frequency of a response by removing an aversive event immediately after the response is performed.

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19
Q

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

A

Developed by Schachter and Singer

States that emotions are the result of physiological arousal and cognition

Emotional experiences are defined by the way in which individuals interpret or appraise their physiological arousal and bodily responses to an event.

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20
Q

Tacrine or Cognex

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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21
Q

Delay conditioning

A

When the CS overlaps in time with the US

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22
Q

Validity Generalization

A

The extent to which a validity established in one setting with one sample can be generalized to another setting and sample

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23
Q

Conventional antipsychotics

A

Halo-zines

  • Chlorpromazine or Thorazine
  • Fluphenazine or Prolixin
  • Tiothixene or Narvane
  • Haloperidol or Haldol
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24
Q

Criterion-Related Validity Coefficient

A

Coefficient representing the usefulness of a predictor for predicting criterion outcomes

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25
Q

Compensatory Conditioned Response

A

When the CR is the opposite of the UR

Often develop to stimuli paired with unconditioned drug responses

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26
Q

What do high Criterion-Related Validity Coefficients mean?

A

High test scores tend to do better on performance measures

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27
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

Mainly affects people over 60 years of age is It is caused by defective absorption of CSF, in which the excess CSF enlarges the ventricles but does not increase pressure on the brain. It may result from injury, illness or infection although many people develop normal pressure hydrocephalus without an obvious cause. It typically starts with difficulty walking. Urinary incontinence often develops, along with a type of dementia marked by slowness of thinking and information processing.

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28
Q

Donepezil or Aricept

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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29
Q

Forward conditioning

A

When the CS reliably precedes the US

30
Q

Buckley Amendment

A

Also known as Family Educational Right to Privacy Act (FERPA)

Protects the privacy of student school records

May request that schools amend incorrect or misleading information

Also limits disclosure of records

31
Q

Classificiations of Intellectual Disability by Percentages

A
  • Mild - 85%
  • Moderate - 10%
  • Severe - 3-4%
  • Profound - 1-2%
32
Q

Severe Intellectual Disability

A
  • Speech usually does not develop during early childhood, but may be acquired during school age years
  • Can learn basic self-care, but need more supervision
33
Q

Comorbidity with Intellectual Disability

A

Up to 3-4x more likely to experience other mental, neurodevelopmental, and medical disorders or physical conditions

34
Q

4 sections of the Ethics Code

A
  1. Intro & Applicability
  2. Preamble
  3. General Principles
  4. Ethical Standards
35
Q

Bystander Effect

A

The phenomenon that people are less likely to help a person in need when other onlookers are present

36
Q

Partial seizures

A

Usually start with uncontrollable twitching of a small part of the body and then can eventually affect the entire body.

37
Q

Perinatal causes of Intellectual Disability

A

Labor and delivery events

38
Q

What is myelin sheath made of?

A

Glial cells

39
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

Once paired with a reinforcing US, a CS coud become a reinforcer itself

i.e. the bell (CS) paired with meat (US) and becomes a reinforcing stimulus without the presence of the meat

40
Q

Latent learning

A

Learning without being reinforced to do so.

Tolman showed that latent learning occurs and that reinforcement may be an important factor but not necessary for the learning of response.

41
Q

Post-conventional level

A

Individuals view morality in terms of self-chosen principles, where one functions according to one’s own conscience, no matter what the conventional wisdom is.

42
Q

Moderate Intellectual Disability

A
  • Usually develop communication skills during early childhood
  • Can be trained to do unskilled work under close supervision
43
Q

Postnatal causes of Intellectual Disability

A
  • Hypoxic-ischemic injury
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Infections
  • Seizure disorders
  • Metabolic toxins (i.e. mercury, lead)
44
Q

Best assessment tool for Intellectual Disability and why

A

Stanford-Binet

45
Q

How do Latinas experience psychological issues

A

As physical or spiritual in origin

46
Q

Four observational learning processes

A
  1. Attentional processes
  2. Retention or memory processes
  3. Production processes
  4. Motivational processes
47
Q

Parts of the basal ganglia

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
  • Substantia nigra
48
Q

Associated comorbid disorders with Intellectual Disability

A
  • ADHD
  • Mood disorders
  • Pervasive Developmental Disorders
  • Stereotypic Movement Disorder
  • Impulse-control disorders
  • Major neurocognitive disorder
49
Q

Most effective type of forward conditioning

A

Delay conditioning

50
Q

Galantamine or Reminyl

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

51
Q

Purpose of Ethics Code

A

To protect client’s welfare

52
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A

When confronted with an arousing event, people first feel an emotion and then experience physiological reactions such as sweating, muscle tension, or trembling

53
Q

What do high Criterion-Related Validity Coefficients help HR officers do?

A

Give confidence in their selection/screening procedures

54
Q

Base Rate of Success

A

Unscreened employees who are currently successful on the job

55
Q

Profound Intellectual Disability

A
  • Communication skills and sensorimotor functioning are significantly impaired
  • Need nearly constant supervision
  • Benefit from 1:1 relationship
56
Q

Reliability Coefficient (general)

A

A correlation that reflects the consistency and stability of a measure, over time, across equivalent forms, or among internal items

57
Q

Percentage of undetermined etiology for Intellectual Disability

A

30-40%

58
Q

When if a moderate to high validity coefficient for employee selection most useful

A

When the base rate is moderate and the selection ratio is low

59
Q

When is a validity coefficient for employee selection not useful

A

If the base rate of success is very high or very low

60
Q

Pavlovian Conditioning

A

A pervasive and non-conscious form of learning in which an intially neutral stimulus is paired with another stimulus that is capable of eliciting a reflexive response, until eventually the previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response on its own

61
Q

Trace conditioning

A

When there is an interval between the offset of the CS and the onset of the US

62
Q

Who is William James

A

Father of American psychology

Authored The Principles of Psychology

63
Q

Criteria for Intellectual Disability

A
  1. Deficits in intellectual functioning confirmed by clinical assessment and IQ
  2. Marked deficits in adaptive functioning
  3. Onset before age 18
64
Q

Incremental Validity

A

The additional predictive validity that can be gains by adding more measurement devices to an assessment program

65
Q

Taylor and Russell Use of Validity Coefficient in Selection of Employees

A

Usefulness of validity coefficient depends on selection ratio and base rate of sucsess

66
Q

Intimacies with clients and supervisees

A

Clients: at least 2 years after treatment and would need to extreme circumstances to be ok.

Supervisees/students: can’t be current

67
Q

Early Warning Signs for Intellectual Disability

A

May only be evident in more severe cases

  • Infant’s lack of age-appropriate interest in the environment
  • Delays in motor development
  • Failure to make eye contact during feeding
  • May be less responsive to voice and movement
  • May be less ready to interact with their parents or other stimuli
68
Q

Five (5) General Principles

A

1) Beneficence & Nonmaleficence
2) Fidelity & Responsibility
3) Integrity
4) Justice
5) Respect for people’s rights and dignity

69
Q

Synchrony Effect (General)

A

The observation that optimal performance on tests is associated with studying that occurs during peak times of arousal

70
Q

Observational/social learning

A

Bandura.

Most complex human behaviors are learned by observing another person perform those behaviors, observational learning is useful for new behaviors and enhancing or inhibiting existing ones

71
Q

Findings of Synchrony Effect

A

Young adults (18-23) do better when tested during the afternoon

Older adults (60-75) tend to fare better when tested in the morning

EPPP Take 2 (1 decks)

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