2/20/23 Lecture: Basic Pulm Overview

Question 1

Normal intrapleural chest pressure

Answer 1

-5 cmH2O

Question 2

How many lobes does the right lung have and what are their names

Answer 2

3; superior, middle, inferior

Question 3

Name the connective tissue layers of the lungs

Answer 3

Visceral pleura, parietal pleura

Question 4

Which lung lobe has more volume

Answer 4

Right lung

Question 5

Name the collection of large arteries, veins, and airways in the mediastinum

Answer 5

Pulmonary hilum

Question 6

Contraction of the diaphragm occurs when

Answer 6

We inspire and the diaphragm is shifted down

Question 7

How much air is added upon deep inspiration?

Answer 7

4.5 L

Question 8

What connections does the diaphragm have to the skeleton

Answer 8

Right and left domes are attached to the base of the thorax and xiphoid process, L spine bodies, and L1 spinous processes - the right dome extends more inferiorly than the left (lower)

Question 9

What openings are present in the diaphragm from most anterior to least?

Answer 9

Caval aperture, esophageal aperture, and aortic aperture

Question 10

Which nerves innervate the diaphragm

Answer 10

The phrenic nerves

Question 11

What muscle group connects the top of the thorax to the C-spine

Answer 11

The scalene muscle groups

Question 12

Contraction of the scalene muscle groups prevent

Answer 12

the thorax from being pulled down

Question 13

The bulk of lung tissue is found

Answer 13

in the back of the lungs

Question 14

Where is the best place to auscultate the lungs

Answer 14

in the back

Question 15

What is the largest part of the airway

Answer 15

the trachea

Question 16

How many segments does the right main stem/lobe have

Answer 16

10

Question 17

How many segments does the left main stem/lobe have

Answer 17

8

Question 18

The cricoid cartilage connects

Answer 18

the thyroid cartilage and trachea

Question 19

The cricothyroid ligament connects

Answer 19

the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage

Question 20

What is the functional gas exchange unit

Answer 20

the alveoli

Question 21

What connects alveoli to each other

Answer 21

bronchioles

Question 22

The conducting zone/airways describe

Answer 22

airways in which gas exchange does not occur

Question 23

How many generations are present in the pulmonary system

Answer 23

0-23 (24?)

Question 24

Define anatomical deadspace

Answer 24

Area filled with air, but gas exchange does not occur

Question 25

Smallest unit of the airway

Answer 25

alveolar sacs

Question 26

Surface area of the airways

Answer 26

70 m^2

Question 27

Limiting factor of cardiopulmonary fitness

Answer 27

the heart

Question 28

What is the anatomical name for the voice box

Answer 28

larynx

Question 29

Describe what happens to the epiglottis and larynx during swallowing

Answer 29

The larynx shifts upwards and the epiglottis closes downwards to prevent food going into our airways

Question 30

Increasing tension on the vocal cords will cause what kind of sound

Answer 30

High pitched, fast vibrations

Question 31

Decreasing tension on the vocal cords will cause what kind of sound

Answer 31

Low pitched, slower vibrations

Question 32

What causes cyanosis

Answer 32

a deoxyhemoglobin level > 5 g/dL

Question 33

What causes our patients to look grey

Answer 33

absence of oxygenated hemoglobin

Question 34

A capital A stands for

Answer 34

Alveolar

Question 35

A lower case a stands for

Answer 35

Arterial

Question 36

Abbreviation for content

Answer 36

C

Question 37

Abbreviation for pressures

Answer 37

P

Question 38

Compliance formula

Answer 38

ΔV/ΔP

Question 39

Elastance formular

Answer 39

ΔP/ΔV