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UWORLD first pass- week 1 > 2/2 UWORLD test #4 > Flashcards

2/2 UWORLD test #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Q2. Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia

A

< 1 of below 3>

  1. delusion
  2. hallucination
  3. disorganized speech

<1 of below 2>

  1. disorganized behavior (Q- drinking urine)
  2. negative symptoms (affection flattening, loss of feeling pleasure- adhenoia, asociality)

For more than 6 months

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2
Q

Q3. diabetic nephropathy medications (two)

A
  1. diabetic control (hyperglycmic control)
  2. ACEI: to prevent renal disease progression by lowering GFR => diabetic nephropathy is caused by glomeruli damage by hyperfiltration (non-enzymatic glycosylation in efferent arteriole)
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3
Q

Q.4 Adenovirus symptoms (4 )

A
  1. Conjunctivitis
  2. febrile pharyngitis (sore throat)
  3. hemorrhagic cystitis
  4. cough
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4
Q

Q4. Adenovirus vs. Infulenza virus symptoms?

A

Conjunctivitis and hemorrhagic cystitis are not seen

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5
Q

Q5. manifestation of xeroderma pigmentosum

A

Hyperpigmentation after sun burn

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6
Q

Q5. DNA repair defect in xeroderma pigmentosum? What is accumulating?

A

nucleotide excision repair

-> accumulation of pyrimidine dimer (thymidine dimer) due to UV damage

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7
Q

Q7. Candida infection- host response: neutrophil vs. T cell

A

T cell- superficial, subcutaneous infection

Neutrophil- systematic, hematogenous, disseminated

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8
Q

Q 11. Saphenous vein location? For which type of tissue graft surgery can it be used?

A

Inferolateral to pubic turbercle

Can be used for coronary bypass grafting
=> creating another blood vessel to aorta/vein
-> increasing blood flow for coronary artery stenosis

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9
Q

Q 12. Recurrent episodes of tachycardia, diaphoresis, SOB, chest pain, dizziness in healthy person (normal ECG). What is diagnosis?

A

Panic disorder

RECURRENT EPISODES is key word

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10
Q

Q 13. Psychological definition of “transference”

A

Transfer of emotion associated with one person in the past to the another person in present

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11
Q

Q 13. Psychological definition of “acting out”

A

Unconscious feelings/emotions are expressed through actions

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12
Q

Q 13. Psychological definition of “displacement”

A

Expression of unacceptable feelings from someone to another “safer” (vs. transference) person

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13
Q

Q 13. Psychological definition of “projection”

A

Misattributing an unacceptable internal feeling to an external source

Misattribution is key word!

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14
Q

Q 13. Psychological definition of “reaction formation”

A

uncomfortable feelings are transformed into opposite

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15
Q

Q 17. What is Chlorthalidone?

A

thiazide

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16
Q

Q 17. Potassium & Calcium disturbance by thiazide?

A

Hypokalemia (NCC restriction compensated activation by Aldo)

Hypercalcemia (helpful for kidney calcium stone)

17
Q

Q 17. Symptoms of Hypokalemia (3)

A

muscle spasm, cramp, weakness

18
Q

Q 17. Symptoms of Hypocalcemia (3)

A

tetany, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign

19
Q

Q 20. where does synthesis/secretion of hepcidin occur?

A

hepatic parenchymal cells

20
Q

Q 20. How does hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis?

A

proteolysis of ferroportin

  • > decreased Fe2+ absorption in gut
  • > decreased Fe2+ release from macrophage: Iron locked in macrophage

=> overall, less iron is available to erythrocyte precursor
-> anemia of chronic disease

21
Q

Q 21. Which artery provides blood supply to most of pelvic organs

A

Internal iliac

22
Q

Q 22. Symptoms of CMV infection in HIV patient (2)

A

esophagitis, retinitis

23
Q

Q 22. Symptoms of Toxoplasma gondii reactivation in HIV patient (3)

A

Ring-enhancing lesions on MRI (brain abscess)
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcification

24
Q

Q 22. Medications for Toxoplasam gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

For patient with sulfa allergy,
Clindamycin + Pyrimethamine

25
Q

Q 24. Failure of primitive foregut to separate from airway can lead to? What are clinical manifestations? (4)

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

manifestations:

  1. cough/ chocking (aspiration)
  2. Cyanosis with feeds (airway aspiration)
  3. drooling (inability to swallow saliva)
  4. polyhydramnios (inability to drink amniotic fluid)
26
Q

Q 26. What is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? ECG finding?

A

Most common ventricular pre-excitation syndrome
: Re-entry circuit -> may result in SVT

Bypassing AV node (rate slowing)
-> delta wave in PR interval on ECG & widened QRS

27
Q

Q 28. Where do Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium live in the body?

A

normal oral flora

28
Q

Q 28. What are the risk factors for development of lung abscess by Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium (3)?

A
  1. loss of consciousness (seizure)
  2. dysphagia
  3. pre-existing penumonia or lung condition
29
Q

Q 29. Elevation of which intermediates (2) are diagnostic for 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

A
  • 17-hydroxyprogesterone

- renin activity

30
Q

Q 30. What kind of neuronal symptoms does congenital hydrocephalus cause?

A

UMN symptom
: hypertonicity, spastic paralysis, Clasp-knife spasticity (sudden decrease in resistance during joint flexion- kinda like cogwheel rigidity in Parkinson)

31
Q

Q 30. Can hydrocephalus cause intracranial hemorrhage?

A

Not likely. Hydrocephalus doesn’t cause enough mass effect to rupture vessel. Rather, intracranial hemorrhage can be cause of hydrocephalus

32
Q

Q 35. How Diabetes cause cataracts?

A

Accumulation of sorbitol in cornea.

Sorbitol is normally metabolized to fructose, but with long-standing hyperglycemia, sorbitol is accumulated

33
Q

Q40. What neoplasm can develop 10 yrs following rapid mastectomy?

A

Lymphangiosarcoma
: malignancy of endothelial lining of lymph vessel. After mastectomy, axillary lymph node may be removed, causing lymphedema, chronic dilation of lymph vessel. Chronic lymphedema increases chance for developing lymphangiosarcoma

UWORLD first pass- week 1 (4 decks)

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