2/2 Pg 56-67

Question 0

Cerbellum

Answer 0

Coordination of voluntary movement and integration of some sensory information with action

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

regulating heart rate, breathing, swallowing, blood pressure, digestion, and other automatic nonvoluntary processes
-> evolutionarily very old

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

Basal ganglia: voluntary and involuntary movement

Olfactory bulb: smell

Question 3

Cerebral cortex

Answer 3

most recently evolved region

• > most developed in humans and other primates
• > High-level thought
• > Right and left hemispheres
• > Corpus callosum

Question 4

Frontal lobe

Answer 4

Planning, problem solving, regulating thoughts, and emotions

Posterior frontal lobe: motor activity, understanding grammar of languages

Question 5

Parietal lobe

Answer 5

processing and interpreting touch sensations, integrating visual and spatial information and processing some aspects of meanings of words

Question 6

Temporal lobe

Answer 6

Auditory information and other aspects of language meaning, crucial components of memory

Question 7

Occipital lobe

Answer 7

Visual information

Question 8

Neurons

Answer 8

brain cells surrounded by membrane
Cell body: basic function
Nucleus: contains genetic material

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

Branching out from cell body; receive chemical signals from other neurons
Dendritic spines: house receptors

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

tube-like projection

Axon terminals: small bulbs at tips

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

transmit signals across gaps between neurons

Question 12

Synapses

Answer 12

where communication between neurons; between axon terminal of one neuron and dendrites of another
Presynaptic neuron: neuron sending signal
Postsynaptic neuron: neuron receiving neuron to “fire”

Question 13

Action potential

Answer 13

electrical signal

Question 14

Myelin

Answer 14

Fatty substance acts directs electrical conduction along a wire

Question 15

Myelination

Answer 15

when axons are enclosed in a myelin sheath, speeds the movement of the action potential along axon

Question 16

Glial cells

Answer 16

produce myelination; support neurons by providing nutrients, producing myelin, providing other kinds of structural support

Question 17

Neurogenesis

Answer 17

production of new neurons

Question 18

Migration

Answer 18

New nerve cells develop near the center of the brain and then move through older nerve cells to outermost layers of the growing neural network
-> Before birth and around time of birth

Question 19

Growth cone

Answer 19

end of growing axon; enables it to push its way through other tissues and track chemical signals that tell it in which directions to move

Question 20

Synaptogenesis

Answer 20

forming new synapses and create vast number of connections between neurons
-> Environment and experience

Question 21

Apoptosis

Answer 21

cell death

Question 22

Synaptic pruning

Answer 22

neuron stays alive, but some of its synapses are selectively eliminated
-> more specifically localized, more sensitive to environmental factors

Question 23

Compensation plasticity

Answer 23

capacity for an area of brain that is deprived of its normal inputs and processing routines to become devoted to other functions

Question 24

Experience- dependent plasticity

Answer 24

ability of the brain to be malleable, or “plastic” and physically change as a result of experience