2 Flashcards
What are the excretory structures in Platyhelminthes?
Protonephridia or flame cells are the excretory structures in Platyhelminthes (Flatworms, e.g., Planaria).
What is the primary function of protonephridia?
Protonephridia are primarily concerned with ionic and fluid volume regulation, i.e., osmoregulation.
What are nephridia?
Nephridia are the tubular excretory structures of earthworms and other annelids.
What is the function of nephridia?
Nephridia help to remove nitrogenous wastes and maintain a fluid and ionic balance.
What are Malpighian tubules?
Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of most insects, including cockroaches.
What is the function of Malpighian tubules?
Malpighian tubules help in the removal of nitrogenous wastes.
What excretory structures do crustaceans have?
Antennal glands or green glands perform the excretory function in crustaceans like prawns.
What is the human excretory system composed of?
The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
What is the average size and weight of a human kidney?
A human kidney measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width, 2-3 cm in thickness, with an average weight of 120-170 g.
What is the hilum in the kidney?
The hilum is a notch through which the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves enter the kidney.
What is the renal pelvis?
The renal pelvis is a broad funnel-shaped space inside the kidney with projections called calyces.
What are the two zones of the kidney?
The two zones of the kidney are the outer cortex and the inner medulla.
What are medullary pyramids?
Medullary pyramids are conical masses in the medulla that project into the calyces.
