2 Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of shock
Pale, cool and clammy skin, rapid or weak pulse, rapid breathing and changes in mental status such as confusion or restlessness
Gray or blue tinge to tips, or fingernails
General care what to do for shock
Lay them down, elevate their legs unless there’s a lower body injury. Keep them warm and reassure them if they stop breathing or have no pulse start CPR immediately.
What is hypo perfusion?
Medical condition where there is no in adequate blood flow to an organ or tissue, this reduces the supply of oxygen and nutrients which can lead to organ damage or failure
Perfusion triangle what does it include?
Heart, blood vessels and blood
What are causes of shock?
Trauma, severe bleeding, heart problems, severe infections or allergic reactions
What is shock?
Critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body shock keeps organs from getting in blood or oxygen
What is cardiogenic and what causes it
Life-threatening condition where the heart can pump enough blood to meet the bodies needs this leads to reduce blood flow and oxygen to vital organs often caused by severe heart attack or other heart problems
-causes a severe heart attack myocardial infarction
What is neurogenic and what causes it
Condition in what you have trouble keeping your heart rate blood pressure and temperature stable because of damage to your nervous system after a spinal cord injury
-causes are diabetes, HIV/AIDS and shingles
What is septic and what causes it
Life condition that occurs when the body immune system overreact to an infection leading to widespread inflammation and organ damage
-causes are bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infections, and parasitic infections
What is anaphylactic?
Severe potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs when immune system releases the flow of chemicals, causing symptoms like difficulty, breathing swelling and a drop in blood pressure. Common triggers include food in six things medication
Compensated stage of shock
Pre-shock
Body initially tries to maintain adequate blood pressure and organ perfusion through a compensatory mechanism, like increased heart rate and vessel restriction with signs like tachycardia and pale cool skin
Irreversible stage of shock
Stage three or refractory shock
severe organ damage, and a high mortality rate as the body’s compensatory mechanisms have failed leading to record deterioration of the cardio Vascular system
What is hemorrhaging?
The release of blood from a broken blood vessel either inside or outside the body
Types of bleeds
Arterial, venous, capillary
Arterial bleeding
Occurs when an artery is damaged, causing blood flow, rapidlyand forcefully from that wound
Venous bleeding
Occurs on a vein is damaged, allowing blood to flow out of the vessel and into the surrounding tissue
Capillary bleeding
Occurs when small blood vessels called capillaries are damaged
Largest artery and vein
Largest artery is aorta
Largest vein is vena cava
Clotting and how long does it typically take?
Homeostasis is a natural process for your body stops, bleeding after an injury by forming a clot typically within a few minutes
Average time range for blood to clot is about 10 to 13 seconds
Tourniquets
When is it used?
How do you apply an improvised tourniquet?
A device often a white strap used to stop life-threatening bleeding in a limb by constricting blood flow
-use a tourniquet when direct pressure or other methods fail to control severe bleeding from your limb
-apply the tourniquet above the wound never placed a tourniquet over a joint
Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding
Pain, cruising nausea and vomiting, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, rapid heart rate and shallow, breathing, called Climie, skin, blood, and urine or stool
-symptoms can be abdominal swelling, rectal bleeding, vaginal bleeding, joint pain or swell
General care for internal bleeding
They person down, raise their legs above the level of their heart and not giving them anything to eat or drink. Seek medical attention.
Characteristics of open wounds
Breaking skin exposing underlying tissues to external environment, can be characterized by bleeding pain and potential for infection
Types of open wounds
Abrasion, laceration, incision and punctures
Laceration
Tear or cut skin or underline tissues caused by trauma or blunt course often with a jacket or a regular edges can be caused by sharp object, objects
Puncture wounds
Deep, narrow injury caused by sharp object piercing the skin
Cleaning a wound
Wash hands gently wash the wound with clean water removing any dirt use a gentle scrubbing technique. If wound is very dirty cover the wound with clean sterile, bandage or dressing change bandage regularly monitor the wound.
Tetanus infected wound
Caused by the bacterium claustrum technique bacteria produced neurotoxin which caused muscle spasms and
-commonly found in soil, manure in rusty objects infection occurs when sports entered the body through wound
Amputation, what is it?
Removal of all or part of them, prioritize controlling, leading addressing shock and preserving that complicated part
Blister what causes it and general care
Fluid filled pockets that form on the skin in response to injury friction burns or other irritants
-general care involves keeping the area, clean and dry, protecting the booster with the bandage and avoiding popping it unless it’s painful or large
You can poke a needle at the base of it to drain it
General care for impaled/embedded object what to do and when is the only time it can be removed
You should never remove an impaled object as doing still can cause further injuries and severe bleeding. The only exception is if the object is in the chest and interferes with CPR or if it is impelled through the cheek
, general care is keeping the object still and unable to move until medical help
What is the purpose of dressing?
Protect the wound from infection and further injury while promoting optimal healing by creating moist and clean environment
Type of dressings
God’s pads and adhesive bandages
When are gauze pads used?
Used for cleaning and dressing ones absorbing fluids and protecting wounds from contamination
When are adhesive bandages used?
To protect minor wounds from dirt bacteria, irritation
What is the purpose of bandages and what are the signs/symptoms? A bandage is too tight
How to control bleeding, protect wounds and provide support
if a bandage is too tight, it can cut off circulation, causing swelling, numbness, tingling, and this color
Roller bandages, how do you apply at or near a joint?
Start with a secure anchor below the joint, then wrap the diagonally across the joint and above it alternating directions in a figure of a pattern to support the joint and secure with a pen or tape
Elastic bandages, what are they typically used for?
Compression bandages or ace bandages are typically used to provide dental pressure and support to injured areas such as sprains and strains to help reduce swelling and pain
Cravats if used on injured eye, what do you do?
Triangular bandage is used on an injured eye cover the injured eye with a clean iPad or wound dressing and if there’s a large object in the eye, do not try to remove it
Burns when can clothes be removed? What can be applied to burns and how do you prevent hypothermia?
Remove clothing that’s not stuck to the burn cool the burn with cool running water for 20 minutes and cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing to prevent hypothermia. Keep the unburnt areas warm with blankets or layers of clothing, but avoid putting them on the injured area.
Thermal burns and what causes it
Skin injuries caused by excessive heat from sources like hot liquid steam flames or hot objects leading to tissue damage and potentially cell death
What are chemical burns and how long will tissue destruction occur?
Occur winter tissue is damaged by contact with corrosive substances the healing time depends on the severity of the burn ranging from a few days from minor burns two weeks or months for more severe ones
What are electrical burns? What can it induce/cause?
When a person comes into contact with live electricity, any current that might pass through their body is an electrical shock
Can cause physical skin burns to severe internal damage, potentially leading to cardiac arrest muscle damage and even death
First-degree burn
Superficial burn affects only the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis, causing redness, pain and dryness, typically without blistering
Second-degree burn describe it and when should you seek medical care?
Partial thickness burn damages, both the outer epidermis and underlying dermis layers of skin
-cause pain, redness, swelling, and all
-seek medical care if burn is large deep or show signs of infection or if pain is severe or doesn’t improve with over-the-counter pain relief
Third-degree burns
Involve all layers of skin and sometimes the fat and muscle tissue under the skin burnt areas may be black brown or white. The skin may look glittery can destroy nerve so there may be a little oral pain.
