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Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

The change in allele frequency and trait

Evolution describes how species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.

Question 2

Who defined evolution in 1809?

Answer 2

Lamarck

Lamarck’s work focused on the inheritance of acquired traits and environmental adaptation.

Question 3

What did Lamarck study to define evolution?

Answer 3

Fossils and modern skeletons

He compared fossils to contemporary species to observe differences.

Question 4

What is the significance of the beak in Darwin’s finches?

Answer 4

It showed their diet

The beak size and shape were adaptations to their food sources.

Question 5

Who collaborated with Darwin on evolution?

Answer 5

Wallace

Wallace’s work contributed to the development of the theory of natural selection.

Question 6

What is the name of Darwin’s collection of essays introducing natural selection?

Answer 6

The Origin of Species

This work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology.

Question 7

What does natural selection involve?

Answer 7

Individuals competing for resources

Natural selection is driven by environmental pressures that favor certain traits.

Question 8

How does natural selection affect allele variation?

Answer 8

It can eliminate variation

For example, if a specific phenotype is killed off, its alleles may become scarce.

Question 9

What is directional selection?

Answer 9

When one trait of phenotype is favored, decreasing variation

This type of selection leads to a predominance of a single phenotype.

Question 10

What does diversifying selection lead to?

Answer 10

An increase in balance in 2 or more traits in a population

This occurs when individuals with extreme phenotypes are favored.

Question 11

What is stabilizing selection?

Answer 11

Limits the 2 extreme options and ends up with the in between

This type of selection favors intermediate phenotypes.

Question 12

What does neo-Darwinism emphasize?

Answer 12

Some phenotypes result better than others in competing for resources

It combines Darwin’s theory with modern genetics.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Natural selection is the environment taking advantage of an organism’s ______.

Answer 13

natural fitness

Natural fitness refers to an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.

Question 14

What can mutations do in the context of natural selection?

Answer 14

Increase or decrease fitness

Mutations can lead to new traits that may be beneficial or detrimental.

Question 15

True or False: All organisms have evolved from another.

Answer 15

True

This statement reflects the common descent of all life forms.