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2 Flashcards

0
Q

What indicators are compared against

A

Nutrition care criteria

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1
Q

Clearly defined markers that can be observed and measured. Also used to monitor and evaluate progress toward Nutrition outcomes

A

Indicators

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2
Q

Percent weight change formula

A

Usual weight - actual weight/
Usual weight

X100

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3
Q

Measures body fat reserves measures calorie reserves

A

Triceps skinfold thickness

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4
Q

Male TSF

Female TSF

A
  1. 5mm

16. 5mm

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5
Q

Arm muscle area measures ______ (______)

To determine, use:

A

Skeletal muscle mass (somatic protein)

TSF and AC ( Arm circumference)

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6
Q

Useful to identify possible protein energy malnutrition

Important to measure in growing children

A

Arm muscle Area AMA

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7
Q

Swollen red dry cracked lips may be an indication of

A

Riboflavin pyridoxine niacin deficiencies

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8
Q

Serum albumin maintains colloidal osmotic pressure it is a ____ protein And the normal range is

A 
Visceral protein (blood and organs)
3.5-5
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9
Q

Rises with iron deficiency serum level is controlled by iron storage pool. Can be determined from total iron binding Capacity

A

Serum transferrin

>200 mg/dl (visceral)

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10
Q

Short half-life(2-3 days) picks up changes in proteins status quickly;

A

TTHY transthyretin, PAB prealbumin 16-40 mg/dl

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11
Q

Circulates with pre-albumin has the shortest half-life (12 hours)

A

Retinol binding protein RBP
Binds and transports retinol
3-6 mg/dl

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12
Q

What is the best visceral protein to evaluate nutritional status

A

TTHY transthyretin, PAB prealbumin

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13
Q

Iron containing pigment of red blood cells, Erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow
Men
Women
Pregnant

A

Hemoglobin
14-17 gm/dl
12-15
<=11

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14
Q

Volume of packed cells in whole blood
Men
women
pregnant women

A

Hematocrit
44%
38%
33%

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15
Q

Indicates size of iron storage pool
Female
Male

A

Serum ferritin
10-150ng/ml
12-300ng/ml

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16
Q

Related to muscle mass measures somatic protein

Normal range

A

Serum creatinine

0.6-1.4mg/dl

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17
Q

Ratio of creatinine excreted over 24 hours compared to height
Estimates lean body mass or somatic protein
___= normal
__-____ mild muscle depletion

A

CHI Creatinine height index
80%
60-80%

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18
Q

Related to protein intake. Indicator of renal disease. Normal range

A

BUN blood urea nitrogen

10-20mg/dl

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19
Q

Normal BUN:creatinine ratio

A renal patient should keep BUN under

A

10-15:1

<100

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20
Q

Measures glomerular filtration renal function. Normal range

A

Urinary creatinine clearance 115+/-20ml/min

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21
Q 
Measures immunocompetency
Decreased in protein energy malnutrition
Normal\_\_
Moderate depletion
Severe depletion
A

> 2700 cells/cu mm
900-1800
Less than 900

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22
Q

Direct measure of toxic effects of lead on heme synthesis increased in lead poisoning

A

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin

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23
Q

Lead depletes iron leading to anemia and displaces calcium in the bone leading to a

A

Zinc deficiency

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24
Q

Evaluates clotting adequacy , normal___

A

Prothrombin time
11-12.5 seconds
85-100% of normal

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25
Q

Oral contraceptives Decrease

A

Folate B6 VitC

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26
Q

Loop diuretics deplete

A

Potassium magnesium calcium sodium chloride

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27
Q

thiazide dieretics like lasix or furosemide decrease___ And absorb

A

Decrease potassium and magnesium increase renal absorption of calcium

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28
Q

Methotrexate Decreases

A

Folate

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29
Q

Cyclosporine ( Immunosuppressant) May cause

A

Hyperlipidemia hyperglycemia hyperkalemia hypertension

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30
Q

Isoniazid treats TB depletes ___, Causes____ Don’t take with food interferes with____

A

Pyridoxine ; Peripheral neuropathy; Vitamin D

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31
Q

Elavil ( Antidepressant) effects

A

Sedative effect weight gain increased appetite

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32
Q

Vitamin B6 and protein decrease effectiveness of___ Which control symptoms____. Take in the morning with less than 10 g of protein consume most protein in evening meal

A

Levodopa Parkinson’s disease

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33
Q

May cause hypertension of taken with an MAOI

A

Tyramine

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34
Q

If on an MAOI restrict

A

Aged fermented dried pickled smoked spoiled foods(Fermentation relies on protein breakdown to enhance flavor bacteria released form amines) Avoid hard aged cheese sauerkraut some sausages luncheon meats tofu miso limit sour cream yogurt buttermilk

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35
Q

If on MAOIs It is okay to eat____. Good advice is to___

A

Cottage cheese cream cheese ricotta cheese farmers cheese

Buy cook eat fresh food

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36
Q

Includes all data collection and analysis activities of the federal government related to measuring the health and nutritional status food consumption attitudes about die and health

A

National nutrition monitoring and related research program (NNMRRP)

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37
Q

The national nutrition monitoring and related research program is run by

A

Jointly run by DHHS and USDA

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38
Q

The pediatric nutrition surveillance system and pregnancy nutrition surveillance system is run by

A

HHS

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39
Q

Nationwide food consumption surveys conducted by

A

USDA

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40
Q

Behavioral risk factor surveillance system conducts telephone and reviews in adults 18 years older Is run by

A

HHS

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41
Q

Weight loss practice survey and youth risk behavior survey run by

A

HHS

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42
Q

Diet and health knowledge survey main meal planner and prepare and households; beliefs about food safety food labels knowledge of nutrients run by

A

USDA

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43
Q

The commodity supplemental food program run by the USDA Is offered to__

A

Low income women pregnant breast-feeding postpartum infants and children up to six years some elderly; at nutritional risk

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44
Q

Quarterly distributions of commodity foods by local public or private nonprofit agencies food bank soup kitchens homeless shelters. Supplements diets of low income households

A

The emergency food assistance program

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45
Q

Improve food practices of low income Homemakers with young children. Works with small groups. Teaches skills needed to obtain a healthy diet (how to budget meal planning shop cook)

A

Extension food and nutrition education program
USDA
( Provides grants to universities that assists in community development)

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46
Q

Under title V of the Social Security act, Fosters public health nutrition programs at the state and local levels provides training consultation funding, Women of childbearing age infants children state eligibility requirement

A

Maternal and Child health block Grant DHHS

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47
Q

Develop services to foster independent living; Cash and commodities to state agencies

A

Nutrition Services incentive program USDA

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48
Q

In snap supplemental nutrition assistance program run by the USDA figures are adjusted to reflect cost of food in the____ for____

A

Thrifty food plan for June of preceding year

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49
Q

Hope slow income children ages 3-5 Introduces new foods teaches good food habits child’s participation in food activities is important

A

Headstart DHHS

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50
Q

Raising worldwide levels of nutrition by increasing efficiency of production and distribution of foods most directly concerned with food

A

Food and agricultural organization FAO

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51
Q

Together with FAO developed RDAs for developing countries

A

WHO

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52
Q

When evaluating information ask questions based on the ___ checklist

A

Credibility
Accuracy
Reasonableness
Support

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53
Q

Cause of many ulcers

A

H pylori bacteria

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54
Q

Attaches the remaining stomach to the jejunum

A

Billroth II

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55
Q

Remaining stomach is attached to the duodenum

A

Billroth I

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56
Q

In a Billroth to food bypasses the duodenum the secretion of___&___ Is reduced. These hormones normally stimulate the pancreas so there is now little____ causing____

A

Secretin
Pancreozymin
Pancreatic secretion
Steatorrhea

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57
Q

In tropical sprue diarrhea malnutrition and deficiencies of ____may occur due to decreased___

A

B 12 folate

HCL intrinsic factor

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58
Q

Restricted on a gluten free diet

A

Wheat rye oats barley bran Graham malt Bulger couscous Durham orzo thickening agents

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59
Q

Acceptable for celiac

A

Corn potato rice soybean tapioca arrowroot carob bean guar gum flax

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60
Q

Oat bran and ___fibers decrease serum cholesterol by binding bile acids converting more cholesterol into bile

A

Soluble

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61
Q

Soluble fibers pectins gums delayed gastric emptying absorb water form soft gel in intestines this slows passage and delays or inhibits absorption of glucose and cholesterol found it

A

Fruits vegetables legumes oats barley carrots apples citrus fruits strawberries bananas

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62
Q

A high-fiber diet may increase the need for

A

Calcium magnesium phosphorus copper selenium zinc iron

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63
Q

Crohn’s disease ( type of inflammatory bowel disease ) affects the__ And leads to

A

Terminal ileum

Weight-loss anorexia diarrhea B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia

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64
Q

Treatment for IBD includes maintain fluid and electrolyte imbalance anti-diarrheal agents (___)

A

Sulfasalazine

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65
Q

Goals in irritable bowel syndrome

A

Adequate nutrient intake tailor pattern to specific G.I. issues

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66
Q

Lactose intolerance is detected by

A

Breath hydrogen test

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67
Q

In lactose intolerance blood glucose will rise

A

Less than 25 mg/dL above fasting flat curve

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68
Q

In chronic nonspecific infantile diarrhea consider ratio of

A

Fat to carbohydrate calories

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69
Q

Significant resections produce major complication

A

Ileal resection

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70
Q

What occurs in the distal ileum

A

Absorption of B12 intrinsic factor bile salts

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71
Q

If the ileum cannot recycle bile salts____ are not___ Leading to___

A

Lipids are not emulsified

Mal absorption of fat soluble vitamins

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72
Q

In liver disease all four enzymes are elevated. ____ Is decreased in uncontrolled diabetes
ALP,LDH,AST(SGOT),ALT(SGPT)

A

SGOT. AST

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73
Q

How much protein is needed in acute hepatitis

A

1-1.2 Grams of protein per kilogram

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74
Q

Esophageal varices occur due to

A

Portal hypertension

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75
Q

Diet for cirrhosis

A

High protein .8-1(1.5 In stress) high calorie (25-35 or 1.2-1.5) moderate to low fat 25-40%

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76
Q

Alcohol is converted into acetyl aldehyde and excess ____ replaces fat as fuel in the Krebs cycle so fat accumulates in the liver (leading to a fatty liver) and in blood (Raising TG level)

A

Hydrogen

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77
Q

Malnutrition associated with alcoholism ___ deficiency-_____ syndrome

A

Thiamin- wernick korsakoff

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78
Q

In hepatic failure if patient not comatose___-_____ Levels of protein

A

Moderate to high

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79
Q

Calories in hepatic failure

Calories from fat in hepatic failure%

A

30 to 35 cal per kilo

30 to 35% calories as fat

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80
Q

In hepatic failure add____

A

Branched chain amino acids

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81
Q

Treatment of cholecystitis (Inflammation of the gallbladder) ___-___ g fat
Chronic __-__% of cal

A

30 to 45

25 to 30% of calories

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82
Q

In chronic pancreatitis use

A

PERT-Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy; Orally with meals and snacks to minimize fat malabsorption from lack of pancreatic lipase. MCT do not require Pancreatic lipase

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83
Q

In cystic fibrosis provide age-appropriate doses of water-soluble vitamins and minerals supplement water-soluble forms of____ (&)

A

Fat-soluble vitamins
A
E

84
Q

Thiazide diuretics May induce

A

Hypokalemia

85
Q

Chylomicrons are synthesized in the

A

Intestine from dietary fat

86
Q

VLDL LDL HDL IDL are made in

A

Liver and adipose tissue from endogenous sources

87
Q

Major nutrient reabsorption in the renal system occurs in the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

88
Q

In the kidneys the acid-base balance is controlled in the

A

Distal tubule

89
Q

Water and sodium balance in the kidneys

A

Loop of Henle

90
Q

The first function of the nephron is filtration red blood cells protein stays in blood all else filters through tubule; Absorption is next ___ percent of glucose and amino acids___% Water sodium potassium

A

100% 85%

91
Q

What are the three hormones involved in Renal Function

A

Vasopressin ADH
Renin
Erythropoietin EPO

92
Q

Vasopressin ADH is secreted from the ____ It_____ and Increases water reabsorption from distal and collecting tubules

A

Hypothalamus

Elevates blood pressure

93
Q

Hyponatremia caused by hemodilution treated with fluid restriction

A

SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

94
Q

Renin is a___ Secreted by the_____ When blood volume decreases

A

Vasoconstrictor

Glomerulus

95
Q

Renin Stimulates ___to increased sodium absorption and return blood pressure to normal

A

Aldosterone

96
Q

A B UN to creatinine ratio of ___indicates prerenal state in which B UN reabsorption is increased due to acute kidney damage

A

> 20:1

97
Q

BUN to creatinine ratio of ____suggest reduced BUN reabsorption due to renal damage (may need dialysis)

A

<10:1

98
Q

Renal solute load mainly measures

A

Nitrogen 60% and electrolytes (sodium)

99
Q

Increase urea in blood

A

Azotemia

100
Q

Nephrosis - nephrotic syndrome Is caused by a defect in capillary____ Which permits escape of large amounts of protein into the filtrate moving through the tubules

A

Basement membrane of glomerulus

101
Q

Symptoms of nephrosis include

A

Albuminuria edema malnutrition hyperlipidemia

102
Q

The diet for nephrosis is restricted in

A

Fat <30% and protein .8-1.0

103
Q

In chronic kidney disease restrict protein when GFR falls
GFR. Grams
GFR. Grams

A

Moderate ckd 1,2,3 <25 0.6g

104
Q

End-stage renal disease is usually associated with a B UN greater than ___ and Cr ___

A

> 100

10-12

105
Q

In end-stage renal disease there is a retention of nitrogen metabolites-May use______-___g protein hbv increase calories controls edema prevents deficiency (not on dialysis )

A

Giovanetti diet

20g

106
Q

Protein for people on PD

A

1.2-1.3 G protein/kg sbw or abw; >50%hbv

107
Q

Calorie needs for people less than 60 years old

Greater than or equal to 60 years old

A

35 cal per KG including dialysate

30 to 35 cal per KG

108
Q

Fasting blood glucose
Normal
Impaired
Diabetes

A

70-100
100-125
>=126

109
Q

Glucose tolerance test
Normal
Impaired
Diabetes

A

=200

110
Q 
Diabetes =
    FPG
    GTT
    Symptoms of diabetes plus causal plasma glucose \_\_\_\_
    A1C
A

> = 126
Greater than or equal to 200
=200
=6.5%

111
Q

Goals for all diabetics maintain normal blood glucose
Average preprandial goal___
Peak postprandial average___

A

70 to 130

Less than 180

112
Q

Risk factor for gestational diabetes

A

BMI greater than 30 history of GDM

113
Q

At ___weeks of gestation screen at 50 g or glucose load glucose greater than or equal to___ indicates need for further test

A

24 to 28

140

114
Q

DRI for carbohydrate during pregnancy is

A

175

115
Q

Gestational diabetes increases the risk of

A

Fetal macrosomia fetal hypoglycemia at birth

116
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

NovoLog Humalog take 5 to 15 minutes before eating four hour duration

117
Q

Short acting insulin

When to take duration time one unit covers

A

Regular take 30 to 45 minutes before meal One unit covers 10 to 15 g duration 3 to 6 hours

118
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH Onset 2 to 4 hours duration 10 to 18 hours include bedtime snack of carb + protein

119
Q

Long-acting insulin

A

Glargine (lantus) determir (levemir) Onset 2 to 4 hours duration 18 to 24 hours

120
Q

Insulin secretagogues:_____-Promote__

A

Sulfinylureas, meglitinides (glucotrol)

Insulin secretion

121
Q

Biguanides -___(___) Enhance insulin action suppress hepatic glucose production

A

Metformin - Glucophage

122
Q

Adrenal cortex insufficiency-

A

Addison’s disease

123
Q

In adrenal cortex insufficiency there is atrophy of the adrenal cortex symptoms due to absence of adrenal hormones
Low cortisol:
Low aldosterone:
Low androgenic:

A

Glycogen depletion hypoglycemia
Sodium loss potassium retention dehydration
Tissue wasting weight loss

124
Q

Diet for Addison’s disease and main therapy

A

High-protein frequent feedings high salt high carbohydrate hormonal replacement

125
Q

In hypothyroidism T4 is __ and T3 is___

A

Low

Low or normal

126
Q

In doubt avoid high purine food such as

A

Broth anchovies sardines organ meats sweetbreads Herring mackerel

127
Q

Galactosemia is due to a missing enzyme that would’ve converted

A

Galactose-1-PO4 into Glucose-1-PO4 (Galactose into Glucose)

128
Q

In galactosemia restrict

A

Organ meats MSG extenders milk lactose galactose way casein dry milk solids current calcium or sodium caseinate dates bell pepper

129
Q

The following are okay in galactose he

A

Soy hydrolyzed casein lactate lactic acid lactalbumin pure MSG

130
Q

What is an example of a urea cycle defect

A

OTC Ornithine Transcarbamylase deficiency

131
Q

Phenylketonuria Is caused by the missing enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which would have converted phenylalanine into tyrosine it is detected with a___ And treated with a___

A

Guthrie blood test

Low phenylalanine diet

132
Q

The need for phenylalanine decreases with____ Because

A

Age and infection which causes tissue catabolism releasing Phenylalanine into the blood

133
Q

Homocysteinurias Treatable inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by severe elevations of___&____

A

Methionine and homocystine

134
Q

Homocystinuria’s are associated with low levels of

A

Folate B6 B12

135
Q

Maple syrup urine disease is an inborn metabolism of the

A

Branched chain amino acids

136
Q

In maple syrup urine disease restrict BCAA to

A

45 to 62 mg per day

137
Q

Systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) May have deficiencies of____
May have anemia but does not correlate with iron intake
May show symptoms of___

A

Iron folate calcium fiber B12

Celiac disease

138
Q

Epilepsy- anticonvulsants phenobarbital and phenytoin (Dilantin) interfere with

A

Calcium absorption may need supplements of vitamin D calcium thiamin

139
Q

Enter all feedings decrease bioavailability of phenytoin so

A

Hold tube feedings greater than equal to two hours

140
Q

A ketogenic diet need supplementation of

A

Calcium vitamin D folate B6 B12

141
Q

Ratio of fat nonfat grams in a ketogenic diet

A

4:1

142
Q

Pressure ulcers
calories
protein

A

30 to 40 cal per kilogram

  1. 2 to 1.5 g of protein per kilogram stage1/2
  2. 5 to 2 stage 3/4
143
Q

Hyper kinesis hyperactivity ADHD may be treated with the

A

Feingold diet-No salicylates artificial colors artificial flavors

144
Q

What is the normal range for MCH

A

27 to 32

HGB/RBC

145
Q

What is the normal range for MCV

A

80-95

HCT/RBC

146
Q

What is the normal range for MCHC

A

32 to 36%

HG/HCT

147
Q

Foods high in iron

A

Liver kidney beef dried fruits dried peas and beans nuts leafy green vegetables fortified whole-grain products

148
Q

Common allergens

A

Peanuts eggs milk soy wheat shellfish

149
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing allergies

A

Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges

150
Q

What food is least likely to cause an allergy

A

Rice

151
Q

The BMR increases___% for each degree rise in Fahrenheit temperature above 98.6

A

7%

152
Q

The ebb phase of injury is characterized by

A

Hypovolemia shock tissue hypoxia

153
Q

The flow days following an injury is characterized by

A

Flows fluid resuscitation and return of oxygen transport

154
Q

Results of physiologic trauma

A

Hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia little or no ketosis increased glucagon

155
Q

In physiologic trauma
___ Releases cortisol which mobilizes amino acids from muscle
___ Renal water reabsorption
___ Renal sodium retention, Gluconeogenesis

A

ACTH
ADH
Aldosterone

156
Q

Cancer treatment

_____-Anti-folate drug

A

Methotrexate

157
Q

Protein calorie malnutrition brought on by treatment hospitalization or medication

A

Iatrogenic malnutrition

158
Q

Healthy obese have elevated ___normal to low___

A

LDL

HDL

159
Q

A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may cause potential ___and deficiencies of

A

Anemia

Potassium magnesium folate B12 supplementation is necessary

160
Q

Prader Willi syndrome is a Congenital disorder caused by

A

Chromosome 15 deletion

161
Q

And Prader Willison ___levels are elevated which stimulates growth hormone secretion appetite intake and fat mass deposition

A

Ghrelin

162
Q

___ Can control dental caries supplement starting at___ If level in water supply is less than .3 ppm

A

Fluorine

Six months

163
Q

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth associated with

A

Riboflavin deficiency

164
Q

Disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter motility does not relax and open upon swallowing causes dysphasia

A

Achalasia

165
Q

Nutrient needs for AIDS
Energy:
Protein:

A

BEE x 1.3 for asymptomatic

Asymptomatic 0.8 g per KG up to 1.2 to 2.0 g per KG if wasted LBM

166
Q

Causes non-nutritional macrocyctic anemia

A

Retrovir (zidovudine)

167
Q

Air sacs lose elasticity been cachectic often older difficulty exhaling air pocket was expand dinner collapse

A

Emphysema (Type of COPD)

168
Q

Excess mucus production chronic productive cough

A

Chronic bronchitis (Type of COPD)

169
Q

In ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome provide enteral formula containing___ And enhanced levels of___

A

EPA and GLA (gamma linoleic acid)

Antioxidant vitamins

170
Q

In acute respiratory distress syndrome how much protein is needed

A

1.5 to 2 g per kilogram body weight maintain Lean body mass

171
Q

Standard polymeric enteral nutrition formulas provide

A

1-1.5 cal per cc

172
Q

Elemental chemically defined intro nutrition formulas are used with___ They have predigested proteins are amino acids glucose or sucrose small that vitamins minerals electrolytes and are absorbed in_____ They have ___osmolality and poor taste

A

Malabsorption
Proximal intestine
High

173
Q

Name three examples of elemental formulas

A

Alitraq
Peptamen
Vivonex

174
Q

Hang time open systems

Closed system

A

Four hours

24 to 48 hours

175
Q

In cyclic feeding you would use

A

Continuous drip ( Usually a feeding pump)

176
Q

___:passed by ____in stomach; Used in comatose patients or ones with no gag reflex

A

Transpyloric

Pyloric valve

177
Q

Give 1 cc water / calorie ingested
1 cal/cc formulas are ___% water
1.5 cal/cc
2 cal/ cc

A

80-86%
76-78%
69-71%

178
Q

Peripheral parenteral nutrition solutions are generally limited to

A

800 to 900 mOsm

179
Q

Using the subclavian vein parental nutrition minimizes the risk of

A

Phlebitis (Inflammation of the veins)

180
Q

___ Is compromised by bowels rest or parenteral nutrition. Provides 50% of total body immunity 70 to 80% of total body immunoglobulin production is secreted across the G.I. mucosa to defend against pathogenic substances in the G.I. lumen

A

GALT Gut associated lymphoid tissue

181
Q

In TPN the ratio for anabolism 1g protein /

A

150 Calories

182
Q

In TPN the percent for protein equals

A

The number of grams of protein in 100 mL of solution

183
Q

A 3% solution has (protein)

A

3 g of amino acids per 100 mL

184
Q

Energy is provided as dextrose __-___ Calories per KG; Up to___% Dextrose solution

A

35-50

70%

185
Q

A 10% dextrose solution provides

A

100 g carbohydrate per liter

186
Q

Accident rate of dextrose infusion should not exceed___ To prevent___

A

4-5 mg/kg/minute

Hyperglycemia

187
Q

Fat 10%
20%
Needed to prevent ___ symptoms:

A

1.1 cal/cc
2 cal/cc
Essential fatty acid deficiency
Petechiae (red spots)

188
Q

When Patient can tolerate ___needs by enteral route

A

75%

D/c pn

189
Q

The refeeding syndrome can cause

A

Hypokalemia hypophosphatemia hypomagnesemia

190
Q

____:Nutrient goals to be achieved overtime, are replacing the____

A

Dietary reference intakes DRI

Recommended daily allowances RDA

191
Q

Use this when there is insufficient evidence existing for EAR or RDA

A

Adequate intake

192
Q

The 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans are designed to prevent chronic disease and are written by

A

USDA and HHS

193
Q

Overall measure of diet quality measures how well Americans follow the guidelines (Five food groups 4 nutrients-Fat saturated fat cholesterol sodium) variety

A

Healthy eating index-USDA

194
Q

Healthy people:_____-Surgeon General-

A

National health program and disease prevention objectives

HHS

195
Q

The healthy people national health program and disease prevention objectives by the Surgeon General and HHS focuses on

A

Disease prevention by changing behavior

196
Q

DRGs Diagnostic related groupings

A

Prospective payment system

197
Q

The diagnostic related groupings the prospective payment system was enacted by Congress in

A

TEFRA tax equity and fiscal responsibility act

198
Q

Developed to explain why people specially high-risk people fail to participate in programs designed to detect or prevent disease; a person must perceive the severity in their Susceptibility to The threat for the threat to be a behavior motivating factor

A

Health belief model

199
Q

What are the three steps in program planning

A

Develop a mission statement & needs/problem statement
Set goals
Set measurable objectives

200
Q

___ are more defined then___-They contain specific target dates for completing specific project

A

Objectives are more defined than goals

201
Q

Public health departments derive portion of their income from

A

General revenue and federal local or foundation grants

202
Q

Implementation requires administrative support, realistic ___, staff commitment and support of____

A

Budget

Target population

203
Q

What are the three domains of learning

A

Cognitive effective psychomotor

204
Q

Enabling interventions relate to the

Make it sound

A

4P’s of marketing
Product acceptable place accessible price reasonable promotion tailored to attention and acceptance

Sound interesting

205
Q

Competencies necessary to make and sustain new eating habits:_____ (___)

A

Skill development

psychomotor learning

206
Q

What are four outcome categories

A

Direct Nutrition outcomes
Clinical and health status outcomes
Patient centered outcomes
Healthcare use and cost outcomes

207
Q

Changes in length of stay ICU days number of inpatient visits treatment procedures medications are examples

A

Cost outcomes

208
Q

Changes in severity duration or course of a condition or disease changes in risk level maintenance of health are examples of

A

Health and disease outcomes

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