2-1 Flashcards
6 functions of fat
1-bodys chief form of stored energy
2-provide most of the energy to fuel muscular work
3-emergency fuel supply in times of illness and diminished food intake
4-fat pads inside body protect internal organs from shock
5- fat layer under skin insulates
6- form the major material of cell membranes
7- converted to other materials as needed
triglycerides are made up of?
triglicerides- 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
phospholipids are made of?
1 glycerol, 2 fatty acid and one phosphate group
Steroids are made of?
4 connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen (cholesterol- used to make bile, vitamin d and hormones)
how many carbons in short chain of fatty acid?
4-6
how many carbons in medium chain of fatty acid?
8-12
how many carbons in large chain of fatty acid?
14-18
how many carbons in very large chain of fatty acid?
20-24
lipids are?
fats and oils
essential means?
body can not make and you have to get from your food
linoleum acid is a?
omega 6 and is poly unsaturated
oleic acid is found in? and percentage?
canola 60-61%
olive oil 71%
HDL is?
good cholesterol
LDL is?
bad cholesterol
saturated means? sources?
every carbon has 4 bonds and end carbon is the omega carbon
sources: animals, whole milk, butter, meat and cheese
poly means? sources?
2 or more double bonds
source: corn oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, not the heart healthy choice. lower the bad cholesterol and possibly the good
mono-unsaturated mans? sources?
one double bond, omega 6 first double bond
sources: olive oil, canola oil
raises the good HDL
trans fats?
lowers good and raises bad cholesterol.
12-15LBS/person/year of trans fats ingested
sources of trans fats
meat, dairy, margarines, cookies, crackers, fried potatoes, chips, shortening, salad dressings, candy, cereal
disorders of trans fats?
Low birth weight, low quality and volume of breast milk, abnormal sperm production, increase cancer rates, increase prostate disease, diabettes
3 health virtues of olive oil
arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular/coronary heart disease
trade name of olestra?
Olean
what is olestra?
artificial fat substitute
what is olestra made up of?
1 sucrose molecule and 6-8 fatty acids
What are scientists concerned about when it comes to olestra?
GI disturbances
robs the body of fat soluable vitamins A, D, E, and K, Along with the phytochemical LYCOPENE, and BETA-CAROTENE
Name 2 essential fatty acids and sources?
Linoleic acid- sunflower oil and safflower oil
Linolenic acid- canola oil and flax oil (people tend to be deficent in)
3 reasons why fatty acids are good?
- regulate steroid production
- regulate pain response, swelling, inflammation
- regulate body secretions
- O2 transport
- kidney function and fluid balance
- thin blood
- energy source for heart muscle
3 symptoms due to deficiency of fatty acids?
- fatigue, malaise
- lack of endurance
- dry skin
- cracked nails
- constipation
- aching, sore joints
- angina, chest pain
- depression
- forgetfulness
step by step process of fat digestion
1- mouth (lingual lipase- important for infants digesting milk)
2- stomach (gastric lipase)
3- Small intestine:
3a- gall bladder releases bile-bile salts emulsify fat into micelles
3b- pancreas releases pancreatic lipase
4- on the walls of blood vessels- lipoprotein lipase
what lipase is in the mouth?
lingual
lingual lipase is important to?
infants for digesting milk
what lipase is in the stomach?
gastric
what lipase is released by the pancreas?
pancreatic
what lipase is on the walls of blood vessels?
lipoprotein lipase
