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nutrition exam 2 > 2-1 > Flashcards

2-1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 functions of fat

A

1-bodys chief form of stored energy
2-provide most of the energy to fuel muscular work
3-emergency fuel supply in times of illness and diminished food intake
4-fat pads inside body protect internal organs from shock
5- fat layer under skin insulates
6- form the major material of cell membranes
7- converted to other materials as needed

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2
Q

triglycerides are made up of?

A

triglicerides- 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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3
Q

phospholipids are made of?

A

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acid and one phosphate group

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4
Q

Steroids are made of?

A

4 connecting rings of carbon and hydrogen (cholesterol- used to make bile, vitamin d and hormones)

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5
Q

how many carbons in short chain of fatty acid?

A

4-6

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6
Q

how many carbons in medium chain of fatty acid?

A

8-12

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7
Q

how many carbons in large chain of fatty acid?

A

14-18

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8
Q

how many carbons in very large chain of fatty acid?

A

20-24

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9
Q

lipids are?

A

fats and oils

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10
Q

essential means?

A

body can not make and you have to get from your food

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11
Q

linoleum acid is a?

A

omega 6 and is poly unsaturated

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12
Q

oleic acid is found in? and percentage?

A

canola 60-61%

olive oil 71%

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13
Q

HDL is?

A

good cholesterol

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14
Q

LDL is?

A

bad cholesterol

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15
Q

saturated means? sources?

A

every carbon has 4 bonds and end carbon is the omega carbon

sources: animals, whole milk, butter, meat and cheese

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16
Q

poly means? sources?

A

2 or more double bonds
source: corn oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, not the heart healthy choice. lower the bad cholesterol and possibly the good

17
Q

mono-unsaturated mans? sources?

A

one double bond, omega 6 first double bond
sources: olive oil, canola oil
raises the good HDL

18
Q

trans fats?

A

lowers good and raises bad cholesterol.

12-15LBS/person/year of trans fats ingested

19
Q

sources of trans fats

A

meat, dairy, margarines, cookies, crackers, fried potatoes, chips, shortening, salad dressings, candy, cereal

20
Q

disorders of trans fats?

A

Low birth weight, low quality and volume of breast milk, abnormal sperm production, increase cancer rates, increase prostate disease, diabettes

21
Q

3 health virtues of olive oil

A

arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular/coronary heart disease

22
Q

trade name of olestra?

A

Olean

23
Q

what is olestra?

A

artificial fat substitute

24
Q

what is olestra made up of?

A

1 sucrose molecule and 6-8 fatty acids

25
Q

What are scientists concerned about when it comes to olestra?

A

GI disturbances

robs the body of fat soluable vitamins A, D, E, and K, Along with the phytochemical LYCOPENE, and BETA-CAROTENE

26
Q

Name 2 essential fatty acids and sources?

A

Linoleic acid- sunflower oil and safflower oil

Linolenic acid- canola oil and flax oil (people tend to be deficent in)

27
Q

3 reasons why fatty acids are good?

A
  • regulate steroid production
  • regulate pain response, swelling, inflammation
  • regulate body secretions
  • O2 transport
  • kidney function and fluid balance
  • thin blood
  • energy source for heart muscle
28
Q

3 symptoms due to deficiency of fatty acids?

A
  • fatigue, malaise
  • lack of endurance
  • dry skin
  • cracked nails
  • constipation
  • aching, sore joints
  • angina, chest pain
  • depression
  • forgetfulness
29
Q

step by step process of fat digestion

A

1- mouth (lingual lipase- important for infants digesting milk)
2- stomach (gastric lipase)
3- Small intestine:
3a- gall bladder releases bile-bile salts emulsify fat into micelles
3b- pancreas releases pancreatic lipase
4- on the walls of blood vessels- lipoprotein lipase

30
Q

what lipase is in the mouth?

A

lingual

31
Q

lingual lipase is important to?

A

infants for digesting milk

32
Q

what lipase is in the stomach?

A

gastric

33
Q

what lipase is released by the pancreas?

A

pancreatic

34
Q

what lipase is on the walls of blood vessels?

A

lipoprotein lipase

nutrition exam 2 (1 decks)

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