2-1-->2-14 Flashcards
Isotopes
Element whose atom contains same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Atomic number
Number of protons in atom
Atomic weight
Average mass of an elements atoms
Principle elements in human body
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium chlorine Magnesium Sulfur Iron Iodine
Unstable Atoms
React with each other by sharing gaining or losing electrons in chemical bonds
What are The two types of chemical bonds
Ionic and covalent
Molecules
Contain more than one atom bonded together by sharing electrons
Compounds
Made of two or more electrons bonded together by any one kind of the chemical bonds
Anion
An atom that has more electrons than protons
Cation
Have more protons than electrons
Typed of covalent bonds
Single
Double
Non polar
Polar
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Electrons shared equally
Polar covalent bonds
Electron sharing is unequal
They form polar molecules
Polar molecules
Will have a slight negative on one end of the molecule and slight positive on the other
Hydrogen bonds
-Too weak to create molecules
-Attraction between:
•Slight positive charge on hydrogen atom of polar covalent bond
• slight negative charge on oxygen and hydrogen atom of another polar covalent bond
Energy
Capacity to do work
2 different types of energy
Kinetic-energy of motion
Potential-stored energy
How does heat relate to energy?
Energy can be converted from one form to another, heat is a by product of this conversion
Three chemical reactions in physiology
- decomposition
- synthesis
- exchange
Reactants
Rearranged to form products
Decomposition
Break a molecule into smaller parts
Hydrolysis
Breaking down an element in adding water to remaining parts
A-B + H20 —> A-H + HO-B
Synthesis
Make larger molecules from smaller parts
A + B —> AB
Catabolism
Decomposition reactions in the body releasing kinetic energy for work
Dehydration synthesis
Forms a complex molecule by the removal of water
Anabolism
Build storage molecules in body
Exchange reactions
- shuffling parts of molecules
- decomposition reaction followed by synthesis reaction
Enzymes
-aid in chemical reactions
-lower activation energy
• amount of energy required to start reaction
-act as catalysts to speed up the rate of reactions
Exergenic Reactions
Release net energy because it took less to activate reaction than what was released
Endergonic reactions
Absorb net energy because it took more energy to activate reactions
Mostly actions and body are exergonic, generating heat to keep us warm
I
Nutrients
Essential elements of molecules obtained from diet
Metabolites
Chemicals that come from catabolism and anabolism in our bodies
Inorganic compounds
Small usually without carbon and hydrogen
Organic compounds
Generally large and complex made of carbon and hydrogen
Three properties of water
- Water is in a centrally acting in the chemical reactions in living systems
- Water has very high capacity
- Water is an excellent solvent
Solutions
Make sure of a fluid solvent and dissolved solvents
Dissociation or ionization
Occurs when ionic compounds break apart into their charged ions in water
An organic molecule is soluble when it contains polar covalent bonds
D
Ph concentration
The higher the concentration of H+ the lower the pH
Ph scale
0-14
7 is neutral
Acidic
Ph below 7
Alkaline
Ph above 7
Mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons
