1.Structural theories (unit1)

Question 1

Give a functionalism plan paragraph 1

Answer 1

Parsons- How individuals are integrated into society by social order to maintain a value consensus.
SL: primary and secondary socialisation

Ev: Althusser, you are socialised to perform the needs of capitalism through ruling class ideology such as submission to authority which leads to a false class conscience.

or

Question 2

Give a functionalism plan paragraph 2

Answer 2

Parsons - society works through an organic analogy - working perfect like an organism to maintain society and keeping it alive.
SL + example: Covid, NHS healthcare impacted the institutions.

Ev: Parsons theory is evidently wrong . Althusser would say that the institutions control people via the ISA and RSA. eg, media.

Question 3

Give a functionalism plan paragraph 3

Answer 3

Merton believes that the institutions have a latent function like how a school is intended to teach students,

Question 4

Give a Marxism plan paragraph 1

Answer 4

(Marx) Economy is built up upon the super structure and economic base. Which helps spread RC ideology which creates a false class consciousness. SL: Althusser.
Eventually society will develop a class consciousness. As a result of this, polarisation will take place and there will be a revolution.

Ev: social action theorists would argue that Marx is economically deterministic

Question 5

Give a Marxism plan paragraph 2

Answer 5

(Althusser) Neo Marxist People do not have free will as we are controlled by the ISA which the RSA helps to sustain. SL: a unit of consumption through media, we consume by what the media shows us. - keeping up with the Jones.

Ev: Parsons organic analogy believes that society and institutions work perfectly.

Question 6

Give a Marxism plan paragraph 3

Answer 6

Antonio Gramsci, a Marxist intellectual, is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony. He argued that the ruling capitalist class uses cultural institutions and ideology to maintain power in capitalist societies, rather than relying solely on violence or economic force. Gramsci believed that the working-class intelligentsia must generate a working-class ideology to counter the worldview of the ruling class. (counter hegemony) - this is shown through Paul Willis and his study of the lads - they rejected the school system and developed a dual class consciousness to revolt.