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chemistry gcse > 1states of matter > Flashcards

1states of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

three states of matter

A

solids, liquids, gases

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2
Q

a substance can usually exist in

A

all three states, dependant on temperature and pressure

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3
Q

state change occurs at

A

melting point and freezing point

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4
Q

melting and freezing occur at

A

melting point

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5
Q

boiling and condensing take place at

A

boiling point

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6
Q

individual atoms themselves do not

A

share the same properties at bulk matter

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7
Q

arrangement of particles solid

A

regular arrangement

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8
Q

arrangement of particles liquid

A

randomly arranged

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9
Q

arrangement of particles gas

A

randomly arranged

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10
Q

movement of particles solid

A

vibrate about a fixed position

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11
Q

movement of particles liquid

A

move around eachother

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12
Q

movement of particles gas

A

move quickly in all directions

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13
Q

closeness of particles solid

A

very close

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14
Q

closeness of particles liquid

A

close

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15
Q

closeness of particles gas

A

far apart

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16
Q

the amount of energy for a substance to change state depends on

A

strength of the forces between the particles

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17
Q

the stronger the force of attraction

A

the more energy needed to overcome them for a state change to occur

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18
Q

the stronger the force between the particles

A

the higher the melting and boiling point will be

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19
Q

interconversion of state

A

when matter changes from one state to another due to changes in temperature or pressure

20
Q

physical changes are

A

relatively easy to reverse

21
Q

melting

A

solid to liquid

22
Q

boiling

A

liquid to gas

23
Q

freezing

A

liquid to solid

24
Q

evaporation

A

liquid to gas at surface only

25
Q

condensation

A

gas to liquid

26
Q

sublimation

A

solid to gas

27
Q

melting is

A

when a solid changes to a liquid. the process requires heat energy which transforms into kinetic energy, allowing the particles to move. it occurs at a specific temperature known as the melting point which is unique to each pure solid

28
Q

boiling is

A

when a liquid changes into a gas. this requires heat which causes bubbles of gas to form below the surface of a liquid allowing for liquid particles to escape from the surface and from within the liquid. it occurs at a specific temperature known as the boiling point which is unique to each pure liquid

29
Q

freezing is

A

when a liquid changes into a solid. this is reverse of melting and occurs at exactly the same temperature as melting. hence the meting point and freezing point of a pure substance is the same. it requires a significant decrease in temperature and occurs at a specific temperature which is unique in each pure substance

30
Q

evaporation is

A

when a liquid changes into a gas. evaporation occurs only at the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape from the liquids surface at low temperatures, below the boiling point of the liquid. the larger the surface area and the warmer the liquid/surface the more quickly a liquid can evaporate. evaporation occurs over a range of temperatures but heating will speed up the process as particles need energy to escape from the surface

31
Q

condensation is

A

when a gas changes into a liquid usually on cooling. when a gas is cooled its particles lose energy and when they bump into each other they lack energy to bounce away again, instead grouping together to form a liquid

32
Q

sublimation is

A

when a solid changes directly into a gas. this happens to only a few solids, such as iodine or solid carbon dioxide. the reverse reaction also happens and is called desublimation or deposition

33
Q

diffusion and dilution experiments support

A

a theory that all matter is made up of tiny, moving particles

34
Q

diffusion in gases- red-brown bromine gas description

A

here we see the diffusion of bromine gas from one gas jar to another. after 5 minutes the bromine gas has diffused from the bottom jar to the top jar

35
Q

explanation of diffusion- red-brown bromine gas

A

the air and bromine particles are moving randomly and there are large gaps between particles. the particles can therefore easily mix together

36
Q

description of diffusion in liquids- potassium manganate in water over time

A

when potassium manganate (VII) crystals are dissolved in water, a purple solution is formed. a small number of crystals produce a highly intense colour

37
Q

explanation of diffusion in liquids- potassium manganate in water over time

A

the water and potassium manganate (VII) particles are moving randomly and the particles can slide over each other. the particles can therefore easily mix together. diffusion in liquids is slower than in gases because the particles in a liquid are closely poached together and move more slowly

38
Q

description of dilution- dissolving potassium manganate (VII) in water

A

when potassium magnate (VII) crystals are dissolved in water, the solution can be diluted several times. the colour fades but does not disappear until a lot of dilutions have been done

39
Q

explanation of dilution- dissolving potassium manganate (VII) in water

A

this indicates that there are a lot of particles in a small amount of potassium manganate (VII) and therefore the particles must be very small

40
Q

solvent

A

the liquid which a solute dissolves

41
Q

solute

A

the substance which dissolves in a liquid to form a solution

42
Q

solution

A

the mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

43
Q

saturated solution

A

a solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent

44
Q

soluble

A

describes a substance that will dissolve

45
Q

insoluble

A

describes a substance that won’t dissolve

chemistry gcse (21 decks)

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