1st year

Question 1

ADL

Answer 1

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Used routinely as a measurement of the functional status of a person, particularly in regards to people with disabilities and the elderly.

Question 2

Birth Rate

Answer 2

Is a summary rate based on the number of live births in a population over a given period of time, usually one year.

Question 3

Clinical Audit

Answer 3

Quality improvement process - seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change.

Question 4

Clinical Effectiveness

Answer 4

The degree to which the organisation is ensuring that ‘best practice’, based on evidence of effectiveness where such evidence exists, is used.

Question 5

Coping

Answer 5

The process of managing stress

Question 6

Critical Appraisal

Answer 6

The process of carefully and systematically examining research to judge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular context.

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

“Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, etc” Tyler, 1874.

“Systems of shared ideas, systems of concepts and rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human beings live” Keesing, 1981.

Question 8

Disease

Answer 8

A physiological or psychological dysfunction. The same biological process in each individual who suffers it.

Question 9

Disease Prevention

Answer 9

Refers to measures taken to prevent diseases, (or injuries) rather than curing them or treating their symptoms.

Question 10

Ethnicity

Answer 10

Refers to cultural practices and outlooks that characterise and distinguish a certain group of people. Characteristics identifying an ethnic group may include a common language, common customs and beliefs and tradition. This term is preferred over ‘race’.

Question 11

Gender

Answer 11

Refer to the social implication of being male or female, including differences in the way women and men think, behave or interact in society. Gender patterns vary both within and between societies.

Question 12

Hazard

Answer 12

The potential to cause harm

Question 13

Health Promotion

Answer 13

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. Applied to a wide range of approaches to improving health of people, communities and populations.

Question 14

Illness

Answer 14

A person’s experience or subjective notion of being ill.

It is influenced by other features (such as age, personality, personal circumstances and previous experience).

Question 15

Incidence

Answer 15

Is the number of new cases of a disease in a population in a defined period of time. Tells us something about trends in causation and the aetiology of disease.

Question 16

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 16

A measure of the rate of deaths (usually in one year) in children less than one year old with the number of live births in the same year as the denominator. This is often cited as a useful indicator of the level of health in a community.

Question 17

Mortality Rate - The Death Rate - All cause mortality

Answer 17

All-cause mortality: a measure of the number of deaths (from any cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size that population usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 persons per year – this may sometimes be referred to as ‘crude death rate’.

Question 18

Mortality rte - The death rate - disease (cause) specific mortality

Answer 18

Disease (cause)-specific mortality: the number of deaths due to a given disease (cause) per time, usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 persons per year.

Question 19

Prevalence

Answer 19

The number (proportion) or individuals with a disease at a given point in time (point prevalence) or within a defined interval (period prevalence).

Question 20

Quality of life

Answer 20

The general well-being of individuals and societies. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept that includes domains related to physical, mental, emotional and social functioning, and focuses on the impact health status has on quality of life.

Question 21

QUALY

Answer 21

Is a measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived. It is used in assessing the value for money of an intervention. The QALY is based on the number of years of life that would be added by the intervention.

Question 22

Race

Answer 22

A group of people linked by biological or genetic factors. This term should not be used to describe different social groups which is ‘ethnicity’.

Question 23

Risk

Answer 23

A measure of the likelihood of harm occurring

Question 24

Self-Efficacy

Answer 24

A person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in, or manage, a particular situation

Question 25

Sex

Answer 25

The biological characteristics of men and women

Question 26

Social class

Answer 26

Is a form of social stratification (layering of society). The most common occupational classification currently in use, and used in Britain since the 1911 Census (with minor variation over time), has six social classes: I (professionals); II (managerial and technical); III(a) (skilled: non-manual); III(b) (skilled: manual); IV (partly skilled manual); V (unskilled).

Question 27

Stress

Answer 27

The body’s response to the demands placed upon it

Question 28

The Sick Role

Answer 28

The traditionally temporary, medically sanctioned role of being sick