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1- Buzzwords > 1st year > Flashcards

1st year Flashcards

1
Q

fever, pleuritic chest pain relieved by leaning foreward

A

pericarditits

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2
Q

irregularly irregular pulse

A

atrial fibrillation

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3
Q

saw tooth baseline + 150bpm

A

atrial flutter

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4
Q

alveolar bats wings, kerley b lines, cardiomegaly

A

pulmonary odema

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5
Q

raised JVP/ hepatojugular

A

right sided heart failure

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6
Q

sense of impending doom

A

MI

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7
Q

saddle shaped ST elevation

A

pericarditis

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8
Q

Broad complex tachycardia

A

ventricular problem

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9
Q

mid diastolic murmur with tapping, undisplaced apex

A

mitral stenosis

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10
Q

broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

Wolff parkinson white

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11
Q

tall tented T waves (may have wide QRS)

A

hyperkalaemia

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12
Q

pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

A

Dressler’s

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13
Q

blurred yellowing vision headache

A

digoxin toxicity

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14
Q

janeway lesions, osler nodes

A

sub acute bacterial endocarditis

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15
Q

machine like heart murmer

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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16
Q

rib notching on CXR

A

coarcation of aorta– likely to lead to dissection

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17
Q

crescendo decrescendo murmer

A

aortic stenosis

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18
Q

diminished absent lower limb pulses

A

coarcation of aorta

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19
Q

MRS ASS

A

mitral regurge systolic

aortic stenosis systolic

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20
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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21
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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22
Q

ground glass appearance on Xray

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome on the newborn

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23
Q

Zeihl-Neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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24
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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25
Q

Apical disease (lesion- assman focus)

A

secondary TB most likely

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26
Q

miliary TB

A

spread of organism into bloodstream
pulmonary artery- miliay dissemination of lung
pulmonary vein- systemic dissemination

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27
Q

positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

goodpastures

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28
Q

chest infection with parrot/pigeon pet

A

chlamydophilia psittaci

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29
Q

positive urine antigen test

A

legionella pneumonia

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30
Q

tall thin (marfans) weed smoker male

A

pneumothorax

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31
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum (rash on legs) afrocaribean woman

A

sarcoidosis

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32
Q

signet ring sign on CT (bronchiole wider than neighboring arteriole)

A

bronchiectasis

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33
Q

obese, hypoventilation

A

pickwickians

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34
Q

sigmoid rings

A

adenocarcinoma

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35
Q

rule of 2’s (2% population, 2 feet of ileoceacal valve, 2 inches)

A

Meckels diverticulum

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36
Q

bibasal plaques

A

aspestosis

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37
Q

leads ii, iii, avF

A

inferior

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38
Q

restrictive pattern

A

usually pulmonary fibrosis

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39
Q

farmers lung

A

extrinsic allergic allveolitis

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40
Q

Ig in mucosa?

A

IgA (also found in saliva tears breast milk), dimer

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41
Q

IgD?

A

membrane bound on B cells, monomer

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42
Q

IgE?

A

Allergies, parasitic worms
binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils
monomer

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43
Q

IgG?

A

crosses placenta, majority of protection against pathogens, monomer

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44
Q

IgM?

A

surface of B cells monomer, secreted as pentamer, early response before IgG accumulates

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45
Q

Cf gen?

A

autosomal recessive

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46
Q

Stony dull percussion

A

pleural effusion

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47
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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48
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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49
Q

apical disease, (assman focus)

A

most likely secondary tb (infiltrate in apex

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50
Q

miliary TB?

A

spread of organism in blood

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51
Q

urine antigen test, holiday abroad, dry cough, diarrhoea

A

legionella

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52
Q

bronchiole wider than neighboring (cignet ring)

A

bronchiectasis

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53
Q

D sign on Xray

A

empyema

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54
Q

steeple sign on Xray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/ croup

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55
Q

child barking cough

A

croup

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56
Q

pneumocytis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with Cotramoxazole +/- prednisolone if severe)

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57
Q

samter’s triad

A

asthma, nasal polyps, salicylate sensitivity

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58
Q

alcoholic danger of aspiration

A

klebsiella pneumonia

59
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumonia

60
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumonia

61
Q

mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

62
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

63
Q

cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

64
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia or SE of organic nitrates

65
Q

ACTH secreting carcinoma

A

small cell, adenocarcinoma

66
Q

PTH secreting cancer

A

squamous cell

67
Q

raised JVP/ hepatojugular

A

right sided heart failure

68
Q

mid diastolic murmer with tapping, undisplaced apex

A

mitral stenosis

69
Q

broad QRS with slurred uptsroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

wolf parkinson white

70
Q

blurred yellowing vision headache

A

digoxin toxicity

71
Q

SE ACEi

A

dry cough, renal artery stenosis

72
Q

gingival hypertrophy

A

gingivectomy/ biting on gums, SE CA channel blockers or phenytoin

73
Q

bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus

A

achalasia, if lower down bowel obstruction

74
Q

CD4

A

helper T cells, MHC2, class switching, activate Tc

75
Q

CD8

A

cytoxic T cells, MHC1, secrete molecules eg IL10

76
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity

A

immediate, antigen binds to CD4Th2 activates Bcell production of specific IgE antibodies that bind to allergen

77
Q

Fc receptors

A

expressed on mast cells

78
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

direct cell killing, antibodies produced bind to antigens on own cell surface (eg ABO blood)
IgM or IgG bind to antigens and activate classical complement pathway

79
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

immune complex mediated

80
Q

complement process

A

all activate C3
amplifies and increases rate of response
chemotaxis (atracts macrophages and neutrolphils), opsonisation (enhances phagocytosis), direct cell killing (activation of membrane attack complex on bacterial cell walls) solubilization

81
Q

classical

A

C1, C2, C4

82
Q

lectin

A

MBL

83
Q

lectin

A

MBL

84
Q

type 4

A

delayed type

85
Q

type 3

A

immune complex mediated

86
Q

Chest pain at rest

A

Acute coronary syndrome

87
Q

Chest pain tearing and radiating to the back

A

Aortic dissection

88
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excess cortisol

Secondary hypertension

89
Q

Conns syndrome

A

Excess aldosterone

Secondary hypertension

90
Q

Phaeochromocytoma

A

Catechilamine secreting tumour of adrenal glands

Secondary hypertension

91
Q

grey turners (lumbar redness) and cullens sign (umbilical redness)

A

acute pancreatitis

92
Q

GET SMASHED

A

gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpian stings, hyper(lipidemia, erthermia, calcaemia), ERCP, Drugs

93
Q

murpheys sign

A

cholecystitis

94
Q

pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

A

biliary obstruction

95
Q

abdo distension, caput medussa, shifting dullness

A

portal hypertension + ascites

96
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

A

Crohn’s/ UC

97
Q

tinkling bowel sounds`

A

obstruction

98
Q

large PE

A

thrombolyisis

99
Q

small PE

A

LMW herapin

100
Q

D dimer

A

small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis

101
Q

negative d dimer

A

basically rules out PE

102
Q

positive d dimer

A

suspect PE, send for CTPA or V/Q

103
Q

squamous and small cell

A

central

104
Q

non smoker and cancer, peripheral

A

adenocarcinoma

105
Q

infective exacerbation of COPD

A

iSOAP

ipratropium, salbutamol, amoxicillin, prednisilone

106
Q

snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

107
Q

inspiratory whoop/ barking cough

A

pertussis

108
Q

thumbprint sign on xray

A

epiglottitis

109
Q

asthma acute management

A 
OSHIT MAN
oxygen 100% non rebreather
salbutamol nebulised back to back
hydrocortisone iv or prednisilone po
iprtropium bromide nebulised hourly
theophylline iv
magnesium
anaeshetist
110
Q

horners syndrome info

A

sympathetic trunk damage

squashed from intrathoracic nodes or pancoasts tumour in upper lungs

111
Q

horners syndrome signs

A

ptosis (drooping eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), lack of sweating. all on same side as obstruction

112
Q

assman focus

A

apical lesion, secondary tb

113
Q

coin lesion

A

rounded solitory lesion, common- primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastic (esp kidneys), bronchial hamartoma, granulomatous inflammation, lung absess

114
Q

ghon focus

A

infection and caseous necrosis periphery of lung beneath pleura, tb

115
Q

ghon focus rupture

A

through viceral into pleural cavity- tb pleurisy

116
Q

eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

silicosis

117
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2

A

sarcoid

118
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, may be linked to ectopic endocrine symptoms

119
Q

heart failure cells in alveolar spaces

A

macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin, chronic pulmonary oedema and left severe HF, long standing pulmonary hypertension

120
Q

cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

121
Q

TB drugs

A

RIPE

2 ripe, 4 ri

122
Q

vesicular rash and weight loss

A

coeliac

123
Q

virchows node (left supraclavicular)

A

gastric cancer

124
Q

urea breath test

A

Hpylorie

125
Q

14C breath test

A

bacterial overgrowth

126
Q

rice waterlike stools

A

vibrio cholera

127
Q

primary biliary cirrhosis

A

prescence of AMA

128
Q

AMA

A

anti mitochondrial antibodies

129
Q

autoimmune hepatitis

A

prescence of AMA

130
Q

alpha feto protein assay

A

hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma

131
Q

cobblestone mucosa, deep fissures, granulomatas

A

crohns

132
Q

diuretic for ascites (due to cirrohosis)

A

spironolactone

133
Q

corkscrew oesophagus on ba swallow

A

diffuse oesophageal spasm

134
Q

severe abdo pain and D&V after raw milk

A

campylobacter

135
Q

russells sign

A

self induced vomitting

136
Q

mallory’s hyaline bodies

A

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis)

137
Q

onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile duct

A

primary sclerosing chlangitis

138
Q

signet rings

A

linitis plastica, diffuse stomach cancer

139
Q

thumbprinting, x ray at splenic flexure

A

ischaemic colitis

140
Q

charcots triad

A

acute colangitis ie fever jaundice abdo pain secondary to cholelithiaisis

141
Q

abdo mass causes

A

A CHEMICAL

AAA, chrons, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

142
Q

bowel obsturction

A

BATH VIPS

bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulous, interussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture

143
Q

Spironolactone SE

A

gynaecomastia

144
Q

stronmatitis gangrenosum

A

mouth disease in crohns

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