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1- Buzzwords > 1st year > Flashcards

1st year Flashcards

1
Q

fever, pleuritic chest pain relieved by leaning foreward

A

pericarditits

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2
Q

irregularly irregular pulse

A

atrial fibrillation

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3
Q

saw tooth baseline + 150bpm

A

atrial flutter

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4
Q

alveolar bats wings, kerley b lines, cardiomegaly

A

pulmonary odema

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5
Q

raised JVP/ hepatojugular

A

right sided heart failure

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6
Q

sense of impending doom

A

MI

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7
Q

saddle shaped ST elevation

A

pericarditis

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8
Q

Broad complex tachycardia

A

ventricular problem

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9
Q

mid diastolic murmur with tapping, undisplaced apex

A

mitral stenosis

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10
Q

broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

Wolff parkinson white

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11
Q

tall tented T waves (may have wide QRS)

A

hyperkalaemia

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12
Q

pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

A

Dressler’s

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13
Q

blurred yellowing vision headache

A

digoxin toxicity

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14
Q

janeway lesions, osler nodes

A

sub acute bacterial endocarditis

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15
Q

machine like heart murmer

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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16
Q

rib notching on CXR

A

coarcation of aorta– likely to lead to dissection

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17
Q

crescendo decrescendo murmer

A

aortic stenosis

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18
Q

diminished absent lower limb pulses

A

coarcation of aorta

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19
Q

MRS ASS

A

mitral regurge systolic

aortic stenosis systolic

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20
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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21
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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22
Q

ground glass appearance on Xray

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome on the newborn

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23
Q

Zeihl-Neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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24
Q

caseous necrosis

A

TB

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25
Apical disease (lesion- assman focus)
secondary TB most likely
26
miliary TB
spread of organism into bloodstream pulmonary artery- miliay dissemination of lung pulmonary vein- systemic dissemination
27
positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
goodpastures
28
chest infection with parrot/pigeon pet
chlamydophilia psittaci
29
positive urine antigen test
legionella pneumonia
30
tall thin (marfans) weed smoker male
pneumothorax
31
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum (rash on legs) afrocaribean woman
sarcoidosis
32
signet ring sign on CT (bronchiole wider than neighboring arteriole)
bronchiectasis
33
obese, hypoventilation
pickwickians
34
sigmoid rings
adenocarcinoma
35
rule of 2's (2% population, 2 feet of ileoceacal valve, 2 inches)
Meckels diverticulum
36
bibasal plaques
aspestosis
37
leads ii, iii, avF
inferior
38
restrictive pattern
usually pulmonary fibrosis
39
farmers lung
extrinsic allergic allveolitis
40
Ig in mucosa?
IgA (also found in saliva tears breast milk), dimer
41
IgD?
membrane bound on B cells, monomer
42
IgE?
Allergies, parasitic worms binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils monomer
43
IgG?
crosses placenta, majority of protection against pathogens, monomer
44
IgM?
surface of B cells monomer, secreted as pentamer, early response before IgG accumulates
45
Cf gen?
autosomal recessive
46
Stony dull percussion
pleural effusion
47
right sided pleuritic chest pain
most likely pneumonia
48
caseous necrosis
TB
49
apical disease, (assman focus)
most likely secondary tb (infiltrate in apex
50
miliary TB?
spread of organism in blood
51
urine antigen test, holiday abroad, dry cough, diarrhoea
legionella
52
bronchiole wider than neighboring (cignet ring)
bronchiectasis
53
D sign on Xray
empyema
54
steeple sign on Xray
laryngotracheobronchitis/ croup
55
child barking cough
croup
56
pneumocytis pneumonia
HIV (treat with Cotramoxazole +/- prednisolone if severe)
57
samter's triad
asthma, nasal polyps, salicylate sensitivity
58
alcoholic danger of aspiration
klebsiella pneumonia
59
red jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumonia
60
red jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumonia
61
mucoid sputum
Chlamydia psittaci
62
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
63
cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)
classically from primary renal cell carcinoma
64
morning headache
hypercapnia or SE of organic nitrates
65
ACTH secreting carcinoma
small cell, adenocarcinoma
66
PTH secreting cancer
squamous cell
67
raised JVP/ hepatojugular
right sided heart failure
68
mid diastolic murmer with tapping, undisplaced apex
mitral stenosis
69
broad QRS with slurred uptsroke on R wave (delta wave)
wolf parkinson white
70
blurred yellowing vision headache
digoxin toxicity
71
SE ACEi
dry cough, renal artery stenosis
72
gingival hypertrophy
gingivectomy/ biting on gums, SE CA channel blockers or phenytoin
73
bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus
achalasia, if lower down bowel obstruction
74
CD4
helper T cells, MHC2, class switching, activate Tc
75
CD8
cytoxic T cells, MHC1, secrete molecules eg IL10
76
type 1 hypersensitivity
immediate, antigen binds to CD4Th2 activates Bcell production of specific IgE antibodies that bind to allergen
77
Fc receptors
expressed on mast cells
78
type 2 hypersensitivity
direct cell killing, antibodies produced bind to antigens on own cell surface (eg ABO blood) IgM or IgG bind to antigens and activate classical complement pathway
79
Type 3 hypersensitivity
immune complex mediated
80
complement process
all activate C3 amplifies and increases rate of response chemotaxis (atracts macrophages and neutrolphils), opsonisation (enhances phagocytosis), direct cell killing (activation of membrane attack complex on bacterial cell walls) solubilization
81
classical
C1, C2, C4
82
lectin
MBL
83
lectin
MBL
84
type 4
delayed type
85
type 3
immune complex mediated
86
Chest pain at rest
Acute coronary syndrome
87
Chest pain tearing and radiating to the back
Aortic dissection
88
Cushing's syndrome
Excess cortisol | Secondary hypertension
89
Conns syndrome
Excess aldosterone | Secondary hypertension
90
Phaeochromocytoma
Catechilamine secreting tumour of adrenal glands | Secondary hypertension
91
grey turners (lumbar redness) and cullens sign (umbilical redness)
acute pancreatitis
92
GET SMASHED
gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpian stings, hyper(lipidemia, erthermia, calcaemia), ERCP, Drugs
93
murpheys sign
cholecystitis
94
pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain
biliary obstruction
95
abdo distension, caput medussa, shifting dullness
portal hypertension + ascites
96
pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
Crohn's/ UC
97
tinkling bowel sounds`
obstruction
98
large PE
thrombolyisis
99
small PE
LMW herapin
100
D dimer
small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis
101
negative d dimer
basically rules out PE
102
positive d dimer
suspect PE, send for CTPA or V/Q
103
squamous and small cell
central
104
non smoker and cancer, peripheral
adenocarcinoma
105
infective exacerbation of COPD
iSOAP | ipratropium, salbutamol, amoxicillin, prednisilone
106
snow storm appearance on x ray
baritosis, silicosis
107
inspiratory whoop/ barking cough
pertussis
108
thumbprint sign on xray
epiglottitis
109
asthma acute management
``` OSHIT MAN oxygen 100% non rebreather salbutamol nebulised back to back hydrocortisone iv or prednisilone po iprtropium bromide nebulised hourly theophylline iv magnesium anaeshetist ```
110
horners syndrome info
sympathetic trunk damage | squashed from intrathoracic nodes or pancoasts tumour in upper lungs
111
horners syndrome signs
ptosis (drooping eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), lack of sweating. all on same side as obstruction
112
assman focus
apical lesion, secondary tb
113
coin lesion
rounded solitory lesion, common- primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastic (esp kidneys), bronchial hamartoma, granulomatous inflammation, lung absess
114
ghon focus
infection and caseous necrosis periphery of lung beneath pleura, tb
115
ghon focus rupture
through viceral into pleural cavity- tb pleurisy
116
eggshell calcification at hilar region
silicosis
117
increased serum ACE and Ca2
sarcoid
118
small cell carcinoma
neuroendocrine, highly malignant, may be linked to ectopic endocrine symptoms
119
heart failure cells in alveolar spaces
macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin, chronic pulmonary oedema and left severe HF, long standing pulmonary hypertension
120
cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
121
TB drugs
RIPE | 2 ripe, 4 ri
122
vesicular rash and weight loss
coeliac
123
virchows node (left supraclavicular)
gastric cancer
124
urea breath test
Hpylorie
125
14C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
126
rice waterlike stools
vibrio cholera
127
primary biliary cirrhosis
prescence of AMA
128
AMA
anti mitochondrial antibodies
129
autoimmune hepatitis
prescence of AMA
130
alpha feto protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma
131
cobblestone mucosa, deep fissures, granulomatas
crohns
132
diuretic for ascites (due to cirrohosis)
spironolactone
133
corkscrew oesophagus on ba swallow
diffuse oesophageal spasm
134
severe abdo pain and D&V after raw milk
campylobacter
135
russells sign
self induced vomitting
136
mallory's hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis)
137
onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile duct
primary sclerosing chlangitis
138
signet rings
linitis plastica, diffuse stomach cancer
139
thumbprinting, x ray at splenic flexure
ischaemic colitis
140
charcots triad
acute colangitis ie fever jaundice abdo pain secondary to cholelithiaisis
141
abdo mass causes
A CHEMICAL | AAA, chrons, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy
142
bowel obsturction
BATH VIPS | bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulous, interussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture
143
Spironolactone SE
gynaecomastia
144
stronmatitis gangrenosum
mouth disease in crohns

1- Buzzwords (1 decks)

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