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Pre Hinduism 4th Form GCSE > 1st Vocab Test > Flashcards

1st Vocab Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 aims of life?

A

Moksha, Dharma, Artha, Kama

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2
Q

What is Moksha?

A

The ultimate goal of life, liberation from samsara cycle

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3
Q

What is dharma?

A

Duties he or she should do eg goodness and virtue

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4
Q

What is Artha?

A

Trying to gain more or earn wealth though lawful means.

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5
Q

What is Kama?

A

Enjoying pleasure of life responsibly

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6
Q

What is the symbol of Brahman?

A

Om/Aum which is the first sound at the start of all creation

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7
Q

What is the Hindu name for supreme being

A

Brahman

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8
Q

What is nirguna Brahman?

A

God/ the Supreme Being as spiritual presence only

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9
Q

What is saguna Brahman?

A

God/ the Supreme being shown in form

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10
Q

What is bhagavan?

A

The supreme being existing in the world of spirits and deities

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11
Q

Who are the 3 main deities in the tri murti?

A

Brahma the creator,Vishnu the preserver, Shiva the destroyer

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12
Q

What does the trimurti represent

A

The three very important aspects of god which are emphasised

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13
Q

How long ago did the ancient civilisation of the Indus Valley exist?

A

Around 6000 years ago

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14
Q

When were the Persians established?

A

4000 years ago, 2000 years later after the indus people

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15
Q

What are shruti texts

A

That which has been heard eg upandishads and vedas

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16
Q

What are smriti texts

A

That which has been remembered eg Puranas and Ramayana

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17
Q

What is monotheism

A

The belief there is only one God

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18
Q

What are deities?

A

Individual manifestations of Brahman are called deities/gods/goddesses

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19
Q

What is antaryami?

A

The god within humans, animals, plants

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20
Q

Who is Ganesha?

A

Elephant head, son of shiva and Parvati, seen as good luck and remover of obstacles

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21
Q

Who is hanuman?

A

Monkey warrior, his mace symbolises strength and authority, patron of sportsman, soldiers and wrestlers

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22
Q

Who is Parvati?

A

Reincarnation of sati, symbolises motherhood her red symbolises destroying evil

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23
Q

Who is Saraswati?

A

Goddess of learning and doesn’t like earthly possessions, plays a musical instrument to symbolise harmony throughout the body

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24
Q

Who is lakshmi?

A

Symbolises beauty, prosperity and wealth, worshipped during festival of Diwali for new year. Perfect Union with vishnu and is brave protective and charitable.

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25
Q

What does ascetic mean?

A

Someone who is strongly against desires and pleasures such as not eating for a long time.

26
Q

What does maya mean?

A

Illusion

27
Q

What is shaivism?

A

Second largest group of Hindus, worship shiva and are normally ascetic who aim for liberation.

28
Q

Who is Shiva?

A

Part of Trimurti, most complex Hindu god, in charge of destruction then recreating afterwards.

29
Q

Who is Brahma?

A

Responsible for creation, 4 heads so responsible for whole created world.

30
Q

Who is Vishnu?

A

Has 10 avatars, is the preserver and sustainer of the universe and consort is Lakshmi

31
Q

What is vaishnavism?

A

Focuses worship on Vishnu, based on Upanishads, the Vedas and the Puranas and especially the Bhagavad Gita

32
Q

What is an avatar?

A

Vishnu appearing in many forms

33
Q

What is adharma?

A

Evil

34
Q

Who is Rama

A

One of the two important Vishnu avatars, appeared on earth to help battle a demon, demonstrates power of good over evil and virtues such as courage and honour.

35
Q

What is The Ramayana?

A

The story of Rama and Sita

36
Q

Who is Ravana?

A

Evil demon who kidnapped Sita and battled Rama

37
Q

Who is Krishna?

A

Important Vishnu avatar, helped bring peace to two warring nations

38
Q

What is the Kurukshetra war?

A

The war in which Krishna helped bring peace after years of fighting, teaches armies about dharma and living honourable lives.

39
Q

What does the 4 aims of life mean?

A

The 4 aims of life is something every Hindu should work towards

40
Q

Wha is santana dharma?

A

Eternal truth

41
Q

What is varnashrama dharma?

A

Responsibilities which apply to different people depending on their age, their status in society, their job etc

42
Q

What is varna?

A

4 classes that Hindu societies base around, brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, shudras

43
Q

What is free will?

A

Hindus believe very strongly in free will, your actions and choices are your responsibility. There are some elements of our lives we can’t control. Free will important because dharma makes sense with it

44
Q

What are the 6 personal virtues?

A

Helps humans develop throughout their lives: Ahimsa, love, respect, humility, control over the mind and senses and empathy

45
Q

What is ahimsa?

A

Non violence even to the smallest living things

46
Q

What is the Atman?

A

Real self, spirit inside every living thing, entirely pure, limitless and non human

47
Q

What is transmigration

A

The movement of the atman from one body to another

48
Q

What is the samara cycle?

A

Continuous cycle of birth, death and rebirth

49
Q

What is the law of karma?

A

Good actions = atman better life if bad actions then opposite

50
Q

What is reincarnation?

A

The atman taking on a new physical being

51
Q

What is Prakriti

A

Matter - the material substance that all physical things are made of

52
Q

What is purusa?

A

Spirit - the non physical elements in the universe

53
Q

What does cosmology mean

A

Ideas and beliefs about the universe

54
Q

What is the cycle of the 4 ages?

A

Each time the universe is created, it goes through 4 ages. Each age gets more difficult and discordant then the last

55
Q

What does yuga mean

A

Period of time

56
Q

What is the tri-guna

A

The 3 stages all matter goes through, creation, maintenance and destruction.

57
Q

Who is kalki?

A

One of Vishnu’s avatar who will destroy and recreate the universe because it is so broken and violent

58
Q

What is the Golden Yuga?

A

A time of perfection and harmony
No evil or suffering
Humans are happy and virtuous
1.7 million years

59
Q

What is the Silver Yuga?

A

Human qualities of truth virtue and goodness start to decline slightly.
War begins as power and control is fought over
Natural environment begins to be corrupted
1.2 million years

60
Q

What is the Copper Yuga?

A

Humans are focusing on themselves not others.
War is frequent
Discord between humanity and animals
Natural disasters are common
800,000 years

61
Q

What is the Iron Yuga?

A

Age of ignorance and self interest
War is frequent and brutal
Natural world is at breaking point, irreversible damage
400,000 years

Pre Hinduism 4th Form GCSE (2 decks)

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