1st Test Flashcards
What is ABA?
Behavioural analysis is the study of how events in our environment (stimuli) affects what people do (behaviour)
7 Dimensions of ABA
ABATCEG
Applied Behavioural Analytic Technological Conceptually systematic Effective Generality
Steps to create a behaviour change
- Operationally define the target behaviour (increased or decreased)
- Take baseline data, graph it
- Determine a behavioural objective
- Decide on your intervention
- Implement the intervention
- Continue
Operational definitions should be
- written in sentences
- as short as possible, as long as necessary
- include only one behaviour per definition
- begin by giving a name to the behaviour
- describe the behaviour in terms of only what we see or hear
- be reasonable
- explain whether to include certain likely exceptions or to stop recording when these exceptions occur
How to write a behavioural objective
- Identify the individual
- Identify the target behaviour
- Identify the conditions under which the behaviour is to occur
- Identify the criteria for acceptable performance
Positive reinforcement
The contingent presentation of a stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate and/or probability of a response
Words to remember:
- Contingent
- Presentation
- Immediately
- Increases
Negative reinforcement
The contingent removal of a stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate and/or probability of a response
Words to remember:
- Contingent
- Removal
- Immediately
- Increases
Conditioned reinforcement
Learned reinforcers, originally natural but as result of being paired with exciting reinforcers they become conditioned
Conditioned negative reinforcers
Include anything that has been paired with existing negative reinforcers. Hospitals evoke escape behaviour in many children who have had painful experiences at the hospital.
Unconditioned negative reinforcers
Unlearned reinforcers, or primary basic needs such as food, water, hear
Unconditioned negative reinforcers
Include anything that causes pain or discomfort. The removal of these things will strengthen whatever behaviour led to their removal
Social reinforcement
When another person provides the reinforcer (parent, therapist, teacher)
Automatic reinforcement
When the person delivers the reinforcer themselves
Reinforcer effectiveness
- Immediacy
- Motivating operation
- Contingency
Motivation operations (MO)
Are factors that temporarily change the reinforcing property of a stimulus
Establishing operations (EO’s)
Temporarily increase the value of the value of the reinforcer
Abolishing operations (AO’s)
Decrease the value of the reinforcer. A very common AO is satiation. Too much of a particular Sr+ makes that Sr+ loose its effectiveness for some time, until deprivation sets in again
Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)
When a reinforcer is delivered every time a behaviour is emitted. In teaching programs we often start out with CRF
Intermittent Schedules
In the real world we experience reinforcement every so often, enough to keep us hooked and responding. When behaviour is reinforced, but not every time it occurs, this is called intermittent reinforcement
Fixed Ratio (VR)
A reinforcer is delivered after a set number of correct responses occurs
Variable Ratio (VR)
The delivered around some average number of correct responses occurs that is varied
Variable interval (VI)
The delivery of reinforcement following the first coffee test behaviour after the varied time interval has expired
Response duration schedules
Schedules inwhich the behaviour must be engaged in for a fixed or variable length of time in ofer to me Sr+
Fixed response duration schedule (FRD)
The desired behaviour must occur for the entire time states before Sr+ is delivered
