1st Test

Question 1

What is ABA?

Answer 1

Behavioural analysis is the study of how events in our environment (stimuli) affects what people do (behaviour)

Question 2

7 Dimensions of ABA

ABATCEG

Answer 2

Applied 
Behavioural
Analytic
Technological 
Conceptually systematic
Effective 
Generality

Question 3

Steps to create a behaviour change

Answer 3

1. Operationally define the target behaviour (increased or decreased)
2. Take baseline data, graph it
3. Determine a behavioural objective
4. Decide on your intervention
5. Implement the intervention
6. Continue

Question 4

Operational definitions should be

Answer 4

• written in sentences
• as short as possible, as long as necessary
• include only one behaviour per definition
• begin by giving a name to the behaviour
• describe the behaviour in terms of only what we see or hear
• be reasonable
• explain whether to include certain likely exceptions or to stop recording when these exceptions occur

Question 5

How to write a behavioural objective

Answer 5

1. Identify the individual
2. Identify the target behaviour
3. Identify the conditions under which the behaviour is to occur
4. Identify the criteria for acceptable performance

Question 6

Positive reinforcement

Answer 6

The contingent presentation of a stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate and/or probability of a response
Words to remember:

1. Contingent
2. Presentation
3. Immediately
4. Increases

Question 7

Negative reinforcement

Answer 7

The contingent removal of a stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate and/or probability of a response

Words to remember:

1. Contingent
2. Removal
3. Immediately
4. Increases

Question 8

Conditioned reinforcement

Answer 8

Learned reinforcers, originally natural but as result of being paired with exciting reinforcers they become conditioned

Question 9

Conditioned negative reinforcers

Answer 9

Include anything that has been paired with existing negative reinforcers. Hospitals evoke escape behaviour in many children who have had painful experiences at the hospital.

Question 10

Unconditioned negative reinforcers

Answer 10

Unlearned reinforcers, or primary basic needs such as food, water, hear

Question 11

Unconditioned negative reinforcers

Answer 11

Include anything that causes pain or discomfort. The removal of these things will strengthen whatever behaviour led to their removal

Question 12

Social reinforcement

Answer 12

When another person provides the reinforcer (parent, therapist, teacher)

Question 13

Automatic reinforcement

Answer 13

When the person delivers the reinforcer themselves

Question 14

Reinforcer effectiveness

Answer 14

1. Immediacy
2. Motivating operation
3. Contingency

Question 15

Motivation operations (MO)

Answer 15

Are factors that temporarily change the reinforcing property of a stimulus

Question 16

Establishing operations (EO’s)

Answer 16

Temporarily increase the value of the value of the reinforcer

Question 17

Abolishing operations (AO’s)

Answer 17

Decrease the value of the reinforcer. A very common AO is satiation. Too much of a particular Sr+ makes that Sr+ loose its effectiveness for some time, until deprivation sets in again

Question 18

Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)

Answer 18

When a reinforcer is delivered every time a behaviour is emitted. In teaching programs we often start out with CRF

Question 19

Intermittent Schedules

Answer 19

In the real world we experience reinforcement every so often, enough to keep us hooked and responding. When behaviour is reinforced, but not every time it occurs, this is called intermittent reinforcement

Question 20

Fixed Ratio (VR)

Answer 20

A reinforcer is delivered after a set number of correct responses occurs

Question 21

Variable Ratio (VR)

Answer 21

The delivered around some average number of correct responses occurs that is varied

Question 22

Variable interval (VI)

Answer 22

The delivery of reinforcement following the first coffee test behaviour after the varied time interval has expired

Question 23

Response duration schedules

Answer 23

Schedules inwhich the behaviour must be engaged in for a fixed or variable length of time in ofer to me Sr+

Question 24

Fixed response duration schedule (FRD)

Answer 24

The desired behaviour must occur for the entire time states before Sr+ is delivered

Question 25

Variable responses duration schedule (VRD)

Answer 25

Requires the behaviour to occur for different lengths of time, averaging out to the stated number

Question 26

Thinning

Answer 26

Going from low to higher ratio is called thinning