1st Test Flashcards
fields of anthropology
physical,linguistics sociocultural, and archeology
holistic
characterized by comprehension of the parts of something as intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole
society
the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community
archeology
the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture()ar
archeology
the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture (artifacts, architecture, biofacts, exofacts, and cultural landscapes)
ethnocentrism
evaluation of other culturea according to preconceptions originating in the satndards and customs of of one’s own culture
ethnicity
the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has common national or cultural tradition
ethnography
the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures
linguistic
the scientific study of language and its structure including the study of morphology,syntax,phonetics, and semantics
fieldwork
living among a group of people for tthe purpose of learning about the culture
culture change
modification of a society through innovation, invention, discovery or contact with other societies
participant observation
a research techniquwe characterized by the effort of an investigator to gain entrance into and social acceptance by a foreign culture
primatology
the study of both fossilized and living primates, includding homosapians, and our homonid extinct relatives
primatology
the study of both fossilized and living primates, includding homosapians, and our homonid extinct relatives
ethnology
branch of anthropology that compares and analyses the characteristics of diffrent peoples and the relationship between them
cutural relativism
the principle that an individual persons beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture
paralanguage
a component of meta-communication that may modify or nuance meaning or convey emotion such as prosody.pitch,volume ect.
forensic
of, relating to, or denoting the application of scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of a crime
ethics
moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior
globalization
a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and goverments of diffrent nations, aprocess driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology
metaphor
application of a word or phrase to an object or concept in order to suggest a comparison
hominoids
a member of the biological superfamily hominidea including all modern greatr apes and humans and a number of their extinct ancestors and relatives
enculturation
the process of learning one’s own culture
qualitative data
information about qualities that cant be measured(colo of eyes, skin softness)
qualitative data
information about qualities that cant be measured(colo of eyes, skin softness)
cultural transmission
how culture is passed on through learning from one generation to another
emic
views of the world that members of a culture accept as real meaningful or appropriate
animism
the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects and natural phenomena
etic
views of a culture that are accepted by a group of scientists as a valid description
bipedalism
a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its 2 rear limbs or legs
homo erectus
an extinct species of hominid that lived throughout the pleistocene geological epoch.
adaptation
patterns of behavior which enable a culture to cope with its surroundingd
shamans
a religious specialist who uses supernatural power in curing (curandero)
domestication
when human intervene in the breeding of plants or animals
band
a group of related people who are primarily organized through family bonds
symbols
physical objects, colors, sounds, movements, scents which convey arbitrary or culturally assigned meaning
Çatalhöyük
was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000 BC. In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
tribe
a notional form of human social organization based on a set of smaller groups (known as bands), having temporary or permanent political integration, and defined by traditions of common descent, language, culture, and ideology.
chiefdom
political organization is typically inherited through organization with a central bureaucracy with the authority to deploy legalized force
Göbekli Tepe
“Potbelly Hill” in Turkish, is an archaeological site atop a mountain ridge in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of modern-day Turkey, approximately 12 km northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa.
