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PNS - Stef > 1st Test > Flashcards

1st Test Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cell bodies of motor nerves located?

A

CNS - brainstem or spinal cord

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2
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory nerves located?

A

PNS = DRG

Cranial Nerves = Trigeminal, Geniculate Ganglia etc..

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3
Q

Where are the preganglionic sympathetic neurons located in the CNS?

A

Lateral Horn

T1-L2

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4
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the PNS are located?

A

Paravertebral

Prevertebral

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5
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that covers each nerve fibre?

A

Endoneurium

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6
Q

T or F

Epineurium covers fascicles

A

False

Perineurium = fascicle

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7
Q

What does the Epineurium cover?

A

Covers several fascicles

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8
Q

What is an aka for Schwann Cells?

A

Neurolemma

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9
Q

T or F

Nuclei = CNS
Ganglia = PNS
A

True

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10
Q

T or F

The Schwann cells are only found in the CNS

A

False

PNS

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11
Q

What is the morphology typically of a sensory neuron?

A

Pseudounipolar

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12
Q

Relay neurons and interneurons have what morphological shape?

A

Bipolar

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13
Q

T or F

Unmyelinated axons do not have Schwann cells

A

False

EVERY axon has a Schwann cell associated with it but not every axon with Schwann cell is myelinated

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14
Q

Fascicle + fat + blood vessels = ?

A

Nerve

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15
Q

How many nerve fibres are found in each nerve rootlet

A

20-100

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16
Q

What morphology is associated with motor neurons?

A

Multipolar

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17
Q

T or F

There are no synapses in DRG only cell bodies.

A

True

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18
Q

What organelle forms Lysosomes?

A

Golgi Body

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19
Q

Are microtubules or microfibrils larger?

A 
Tubules = largest
Fibrils = smallest
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20
Q

What is the aka for Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Nissle Body

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21
Q

T or F

Pseudounipolar is the most common neuron in the body.

A

False!

Multipolar

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22
Q

What morphology of neurons is associated with special senses?

A

Bipolar

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23
Q

What is the most common Neurotransmitter?

A

ACH

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24
Q

What are the two ways to move electrical signals?

A

Conductivity = continuous

Saltatory Conduction = leaping *nodes of ranvier

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25
Q

A typical lower motor neuron has what type of fibre?

A

Alpha

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26
Q

What fibres are responsible for sensing the degree of stretch of a muscle?

A

Gamma

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27
Q

T or F

Pain reflex is required to make it to the brain

A

False
Does not require brain interaction
On same spinal cord segment

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28
Q

Name the 5 things required in a reflex loop

A
  1. Stimulus to some receptor
  2. Afferent neuron
  3. Integrating centre
  4. Efferent neuron
  5. Effector = smooth, skeletal muscle or gland
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29
Q

What are some aka for Patellar reflex?

A

Stretch reflex

Deep tendon reflex

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30
Q

What is Wallerian Degeneration

A

When there is nerve injury and the axon is crushed or cut leading to changes distal to the lesion.

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31
Q

1a fibres = ?

A

Muscle spindle (annulospiral)

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32
Q

1b = ?

A

Golgi tendon organ

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33
Q

II fibres = ?

A

Encapsulated endings

34
Q

III fibres = ?

A

pain temperature

35
Q

What fibre types are considered to be the slowest, unmyelinated and responsible for pain, temperature, touch?

A

“C”

postganglionic autonomic

36
Q

In this type of nerve damage, the cell body tried to survive by forming a halo around the cell body.

A

Chromatolysis

37
Q

What are growth cones?

A

They help with regeneration of nerve and will poke and try to help axon grow & move to where it is supposed to go. Helps provide direction in healing.

38
Q

in what zone are neural stem cells found?

A

Ventricular Zone (innermost)

  • replication is taking place and increases in #
  • cells are undetermined
39
Q

This zone of a neuron contains blast cells (neuroblast or glialblast)

A

Intermediate Zone

- cells are determined = Neuron or Glial

40
Q

T or F

The cells of the intermediate zone are mature

A

False

Only mature cells found in the marginal zone.

41
Q

What are the most numerous Glia cells?

A

Astrocytes

42
Q

What cells will form scar tissue in damaged brain tissue?

A

Astrocytes

43
Q

These cells form the myelin sheath in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

44
Q

T or F

Oligodendrocytes will only myelinated one cell at a time

A

False

45
Q

These are described as being the immune system of the CNS

A

Microglia

46
Q

Satellite cells aka ?

A

Schwann Cells

47
Q

These cells are said to facilitate regrowth of axons

A

Schwann cells

48
Q

T or F

Satellite cells are bipolar

A

False

Pseudounipolar

49
Q

C5 dermatome = ?

A

Upper arm

50
Q

C6 dermatome = ?

A

Thumb & lateral forearm

51
Q

C7 dermatome = ?

A

middle finger

52
Q

Fingers 4 & 5 = what dermatome?

A

C8

53
Q

The nipple area is associated with which dermatome?

A

T4

54
Q

L5 dermatome = ?

A

big toe

55
Q

Umbilicus = what dermatome?

A

T10

56
Q

Heel = what dermatome?

A

S1

57
Q

T or F

Discriminative touch and kinesthetic stimuli are carried by what type of axons?

A

Myelinated type A

58
Q

T or F

Phasic receptors will stop responding even when stimulus continues

A

True

59
Q

T or F

Tonic receptors have a refractory period before responding again

A

False

No refractory period. Phasic do though!

60
Q

Name the non encapsulated receptor types

A

Free-nerve endings
Follicular
Merkel Cell

61
Q

Name all the slow adapting receptor types

A

Merkel Cell

Ruffini’s

62
Q

What receptors detect shearing or drag

A

Ruffini’s

63
Q

Which receptor type is closest to the surface

A

Meissner’s

64
Q

T or F

Alpha motor fibres are extrafusal

A

True

65
Q

Which type of motor neurons innervate intrafusal fibres?

A

Gamma

66
Q

T or F

Flower spray endings will detect the rate of stretch of a muscle

A

False

Flower spray = degree of stretch
annulospiral endings = rate of stretch

67
Q

Where are the golgi tendon organs located?

A

Found at the muscle-tendon junctions.

They measure the force of the contraction

68
Q

What is an aka for the Flexor Reflex

A

Withdrawal reflex

69
Q

Sensory info from joints, muscle, and skin are integrated in what lobe of the brain?

A

Parietal

70
Q

Conus modularis is located at what spinal level

A

L2

71
Q

Dural sac with arachnoid sac is at what spinal level?

A

L2-S2

72
Q

Are pure fibres unipolar or multipolar?

A

Both!

73
Q

T or F

The filum terminale is a thickened dura mater

A

False

Pia

74
Q

T or F

A plexus is formed by dorsal rami

A

False

Ventral

75
Q

What space in the spinal canal contains fat and a plexus of veins

A

Epidural

76
Q

What meningeal layer contains trabeculae?

A

Arachnoid

77
Q

What meningea layer is attached to spinal cord surface

A

Pia

78
Q

What ligament is an extension of the dural sac?

A

Coccygeal Ligament

79
Q

How many denticulate ligaments attach to dura from foramen magnum to below thoracic vertebrae

A

21

80
Q

Cauda Equina is located at what spinal level

A

L1/L2

PNS - Stef (1 decks)

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