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Human reproduction > 1st test > Flashcards

1st test Flashcards

1
Q

why do cells divide?

A

-growth and development
- repairof damaged body parts
- production of reproductive cells

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2
Q

it tells when to start and stop dividing

A

cyclins

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3
Q

non-dividing stage of the cell

A

interphase

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4
Q

dividing stage

A

cell division

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5
Q

dividing stage

A

cell division

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6
Q

for growth and normal metabolic roles

A

Gap 1 phase

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7
Q

for DNA replication

A

synthesis phase

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8
Q

for growth and preparation for mitosis Z

A

gap 2 phase

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9
Q

for growth and preparation for mitosis Z

A

gap 2 phase

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10
Q

quiescent stage

A

GAP 0 Phase

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11
Q

organize all of the stuff that’s about to be divided between the cell and it’s soon to be replicant

A

centrosomes

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12
Q

organize all of the stuff that’s about to be divided between the cell and it’s soon to be replicant

A

centrosomes

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13
Q

the skin of the cell

A

cell membrane

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14
Q

contains the genetic material

A

nucleus

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15
Q

contains the genetic material

A

nucleus

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16
Q

contains the organelles; where most cellular activities take place

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

contains the organelles; where most cellular activities take place

A

cytoplasm

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18
Q

double 2n

A

diploid

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19
Q

one n

A

haploid

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20
Q

one n

A

haploid

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21
Q

all body cells except the sex cells and containing diploid number of chromosomes - divide by mitosis

A

somatic cells

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22
Q

containing the haploid number of chromosomes - divide by meiosis

A

sex cells

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23
Q

containing the haploid numner of chromosomes - divide by meiosis

A

sex cells

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24
Q

makes up chromosomes

A

chromatids

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25
Q

makes up chromosomes

A

chromatids

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26
Q

what cause amoebiasis

A

entamoeba histolytica

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27
Q

what cause amoebiasis

A

entamoeba histolytica

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28
Q

cells without a true nucleus

A

prokaryoyic

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29
Q

cells with true nucleus

A

eukaryotic

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30
Q
  • a living diuble layer of proteins and carbohydrates
  • separates the cell membrane from its external environment
A

cell membrane

31
Q

a double membrane of fats and proteins

A

nuclear

32
Q

a double membrane of fats and proteins

A

nuclear

33
Q

the colloidal solution enclosed by the nuclear membrane

A

nucleoplasm

34
Q

structures for protein synthesis

A

nucleolus

35
Q

structures for protein synthesis

A

nucleolus

36
Q

organize structures of DNA and protein found within cells

A

chromosomes

37
Q
  • sex cell division
  • process that produces 4 daughter cell with haploid number of chromosomes as the parent cell
A

meiosis

38
Q
  • also known as reduction division
  • reduction for chromosomes numbers
A

meiosis 1

39
Q
  • occupies the longest duration of meiosis
A

prophase 1

40
Q
  • occupies the longest duration of meiosis
A

prophase 1

41
Q

replicated chromosomes appear as long slender thread

A

leptonema

42
Q

replicated chromosomes appear as long slender thread

A

leptonema

43
Q

synapsis occurs

A

zygonema

44
Q

pairing of homologous chromosomes

A

synapsis

45
Q

pair of homologous chromosomes

A

tetrad

46
Q

-chromosomes continue to become shorter and thicker
- crossing over takes place

A

pachynema

47
Q

a series of exchange of genetic material between the specific regions of the homologous chromosomes

A

crossing over

48
Q

tetrads tend to repel each other

A

diplonema

49
Q

the area of contact between two chromatids

A

chiasma

50
Q

the area of contact between two chromatids

A

chiasma

51
Q

coiling and contraction of the chromosomes continue

A

diakinesis

52
Q

synapsed homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell

A

metaphase 1

53
Q

the spindle fibers move the tetrads apart pulling the chromosome toward the oppposite sides of the cell

A

anaphase I

54
Q

the spindle fibers move the tetrads apart pulling the chromosome toward the oppposite sides of the cell

A

anaphase I

55
Q

double stranded chromosome

A

dyads

56
Q

di

A
57
Q

double stranded chromosomes

A

dyads

58
Q

double stranded chromosomes

A

dyads

59
Q

the dyads reach the poles of the cell

A

telophase I

60
Q

a period of growth

A

interkinesis

61
Q

deals with the seperation of two chromotids in a chromosomes

A

Meiosis II

62
Q

the centrioles radiate spindle fibers as they move to the opposite sides of the cell

A

Prophase II

63
Q

The centromeres of each dyad are directed to the equator of the cell

A

metaphase II

64
Q

The centromeres divide and the chromatids or single stranded chromosome (monads) are pulled by spindle fibers toward the opposite poles

A

Anaphase II

65
Q

production of two daughter cells with the same quantity and quality of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

mitosis

66
Q
  • centrioles are moving apart
  • chromosomes appear as long thin threads
  • nucleolus is becoming less distint
    -nuclear membane is still visible
  • asters are formed
A

Early prophase

67
Q
  • pair of centrioles begins to organize spindle fibers
  • sisters chromatids are formed with a centromere as their point of attachment
A

Middle Prophase

68
Q
  • pair of centrioles begins to organize spindle fibers
  • sisters chromatids are formed with a centromere as their point of attachment
A

Middle Prophase

69
Q

Contains two sets of chromosomes

A

diploid cell

70
Q

Contains two sets of chromosomes

A

diploid cell

71
Q

protein factories of the cell: spherical bodies that produce and assemble protein

A

ribosomes

72
Q

protein factories of the cell: spherical bodies that produce and assemble protein

A

ribosomes

73
Q

network of fine fibers that provide structural support for eukaryotic cell

A

cytoskeleton

Human reproduction (1 decks)

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