1st shift - 2nd practical exam

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

OINA

divides neck

Answer 1

O: manubrium sterni, medial third of the clavicle

I: mastoid process

N: spinal accessory nerve (CN 11)

A:extend and flex neck

divides the neck into posterior and anterior triangles

Question 2

Trapezius

OINA

layer in the back

blood supply

Answer 2

O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spine of the 7th CV, and spines of thoracic vertebra

I: Upper fiber-lateral third of the clavicle. Middle and Lower fibers-acromion and spine of the scapula

N: spinall accessory nerve(motor), C3 and C4(sensory)

A: U-elevate scapula, M-retract scapula, L-depress scapula

part of the superfical layer of muscles in the back together with the latissimus dorsi

dorsal scapular artery

Question 3

Levator scapulae

OINA

layer in the back

similar nerve

boundary

blood supply

Answer 3

O: transverse process of CV 1-4

I: medial border of the scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve (branch of C5; root of brachial plexus)

A: elevate scapula

nerve: same with rhomboids

intermediate layer of the back with rhomboids, SPS and SPI

superior to rhomboids minor

dorsal scapular artery

Question 4

Scalene anterior

OINA

boundaries

divides?

triangle

Answer 4

O: transverse process of CV3-6

I: 1st rib

N: C4-6

A: elvates 1st rib

anteriorly: subclavian vein, phrenic nerve, internal jugular vein
posteriorly: subclavian artery, trunks of brachial plexus, saclenus medius

divides subclavian artery into 3 parts (covers 2nd part)

posterior traingle (occipital traingle with other muscles of the neck)

Question 5

Inferior belly of the Omohyoid

OINA

divides?

Answer 5

O: upper margin of the scapula and suprascapular ligament

I: intermediate tendon (held to clavicle and 1st rib via fascial sling)

N: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

A: depress the hyoid bone

divides posterior traingle into occipital and supraclavicular traingle

Question 6

Pectoralis major

OINA

boundary

describe

Answer 6

O: sternum, clavicle, upper six costal cartilage

I: lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

N: lateral and medial pectoral nerve (lateral cord and medial cord of b.p.)

A: adducts the arm

posterior: pectoralis minor

fan-shaped

Question 7

Pectoralis minor

OINA

divide

blood supply

Answer 7

O: 3rd to 5th ribs

I: coracoid process of the scapula

N: medial pectoral nerve (median cord)

A: depress point of the scapula

divides axillary artery to 3 parts (covers 2nd part)

dorsal scapular artery

Question 8

Subclavius

OINA

Answer 8

O: first costal cartilage

I: clavicle

N: nerve to subclavius (upper trunk)

A: depress the clavicle

Question 9

Serratus anterior

OINA

weak SA

Answer 9

O: 1st to 8th ribs

I: inferior angle and medial border of the scapula

N: long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

A: draws the scapula forward

weak SA and impaired long thoracic nerve can cause Winged scapula/ medial winging

Question 10

Coracobrachialis

Answer 10

O: coracoid process of the scapula

I: median aspect of shaft of the humerus

N: musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord)

A: flexes the arm

anterior compartment of the arm

Question 11

Biceps brachii - long head

OINA

Answer 11

O: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

I: radial tuberosity and biciptal aponerosis into the deep fascia of the arm

N:musculocutaneous nerve (lateral head)

A: flexes the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm

Question 12

Biceps brachii - short head

OINA

Answer 12

O: coracoid process of the scapula

I: radial tuberosity and biciptal aponerosis into the deep fascia of the arm

N:musculocutaneous nerve (lateral head)

A: flexes the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm

Question 13

Brachialis

OINA

Answer 13

O: front of the lower half of humerus

I: coronoid process of the scapula

N: musculocutaneous nerve (lateral head)

A: flexes the elbow joint

main flexor of the arm

floor of cubital fossa

Question 14

Triceps brachii

Answer 14

O: (different per head) long head-infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, lateral and short/medial head-upper and lower half of the posteroir surface of the shaft of the humerus, respectively

I: olecranon process of the ulna

N: radial nerve (posterior cord)

A: extends the elbow joint

posteror compartment of the arm

Question 15

Divides the arm into compartments

Answer 15

intramuscular septa from the deep fascia of the arm

Question 16

Pronator teres

2 heads

Answer 16

O: humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar head-medial border of coronoid process of ulna

I: lateral aspect of the shaft of the radius

N: median nerve (lateral cord and medial cord)

A: pronation of the forearm

Question 17

Brachioradialis

Answer 17

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: base of styloid process of radius

N: radial nerve (posterior cord)

A: flexes forearm at elbow joint

Question 18

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 18

O: iliac crest, inferior angle of the scapula, last 6 thoracic vertebrae

I: floor of the bicipital groove of humerus

N: thoracodorsal nerve (posterior cord)

A: extend, adducts and medially rotates the arm

covered by thoracolumbar fascia

Question 19

Rhomboids major

Answer 19

O: spines of vertebra T2 to T5

I: medial border of the scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

A: raises the medial border of the scapula upwards and medially

Question 20

Rhomboids minor

Answer 20

O: spines of vertebra C7 to T1

I: medial border of the scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

A: raises the medial border of the scapula upwards and medially

Question 21

Erector spinae

Answer 21

3 fascicles (lateral to medial):

• Iliocostalis muscle
• Longissimus
• Spinales

shaped like two string pillars

N: dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spines

A: extend trunk

O:broad tendon attached to sacrum, iliac crest and spines of the lumber vertebrae

Question 22

Deltoid

Answer 22

O: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula

I: middle of lateral surface of shaft of humerus

N: axillary nerve (posterior cord; anterior branch of axillary nerve; sensory: posterior axillary as lateral cutaneous nerve to the arm)

A: abducts arm

Question 23

Supraspinatus

Answer 23

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tuberosity of the humerus

N: suprascapular nerve (upper trunk)

A: abducts the arm; stabilizes shoulder joint

Question 24

Infraspinatus

Answer 24

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula

I: greater tuberosity of the humerus

N: suprascapular nerve (upper trunk)

A: lateral rotation of the arm

Question 25

Teres minor

Answer 25

O: upper two-thirds of the lateral border of the scapula

I: greater tuberosity of the humerus

N: axillary nerve (posterior cord; posterior branch)

A: lateral rotation of the arm and stabilize shoulder joint

Question 26

Teres major

Answer 26

O: lower third of the lateral border of the scapula

I: medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

N: lower supscapular nerve (posterior cord)

A: medial rotation of the arm and stabilize shoulder joint

Question 27

Subscapularis

Answer 27

O: subscapular fossa

I: Lower tuberosity of the scapula

N: upper and lower subsacpular nerve (posterior cord)

A: medial rotation of the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint

Question 28

Serratus posterior

Answer 28

2 branches: superior and inferior

O: superior-lower cervical and upper thoracic spines; inferior-lower thoaracic and upper lumbar spines

I: superior-upper ribs; inferior-lower ribs

N: intercostal nerves

A: superior-elevates ribs (inspiratory); posteriot-depress ribs (expiratory)

Question 29

Rotator Cuff

Answer 29

SITS

stabilizes shoulder joint

Tendinitis/Rotator cuff tear