1ST SEM | FINALS Flashcards
an occupation or calling requiring advanced training and experience in some specific or specialized body of knowledge that provides service to society in that special field
Profession
True or False.
A profession must satisfy an indispensable social need and must be based upon well-established and socially accepted scientific principles.
TRUE
A profession must demand adequate _______ and ______ training.
pre-professional ; cultural
A profession must demand the possession of a body of ______ and ______ training.
specialized ; systematized
True or False.
A profession can not give evidence of needed skills that the public does not possess.
False
Give 3 examples of evidence that shows a person’s skill as a RadTech.
- Diploma-holders
- Board Examination
- Internships
A profession must have a developed scientific technique that is a result of _______.
Tested experience
True or False.
A profession does not require the exercise of discretion and judgement.
FALSE
A profession must have a group of consciousness designed to extend scientific knowledge in technical language by virtue of what?
RA 7431 (Radiologic Technology Act of 1992)
When is the renewal of the PRC license?
Every 3 years on your birthday
Guidelines for responsibility, ethics, and competence.
Professional Practice Standards
Agency overseeing licensing of professionals in Philippines.
Professional Regulation Commission
Guidelines for ethical conduct in radiologic practice.
Code of Ethics
Under what resolution did the PRC Board of Radio Technologists formulate the Code of Ethics for RadTech?
Resolution No.2 Series of 2014
Who created the criteria of profession?
William Shephard
Who created the qualities of a Profession?
Flexner Et. Al.
True or False.
A profession is distinguished by the presence of specific cultures, norms, and other values that are common among its members.
TRUE
True or False.
A profession has a vague standard of educational preparation for entry into practice.
FALSE
It utilizes in its practice a well-defined and well-organized ________ that is intellectual in nature and describes its phenomena of concern
body of knowledge
True or False.
A profession is distinguished by the presence of specific cultures, norms, and other values that are common among its members.
TRUE
a person who has completed a basic Radiologic Technology program and is licensed in his/her country or state to practice as a Radiologic Technologist.
PROFESSIONAL X-RAY AND RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
an auxiliary branch of radiology which deals with the technical application of x-rays as aid in the diagnosis of diseases and injuries.
X-ray Technology
an individual who is a bonafide holder of a certificate of registration for x-ray technology issued by the Board of Radiologic Technology.
X-ray Technologist
an auxiliary branch of radiology which deals with the technical application of radiation, such as x-rays, beta rays, gamma rays, ultrasound and radio frequency rays, in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Radiologic Technology
an individual who is a bonafide holder of a certificate of registration for radiologic technology issued by the Board of Radiologic Technology.
Radiologic Technologist
Which section is the Practice of X-ray Technology?
Section 4
Which section is the Practice of Radiologic Technology?
Section 5
Physician interpreting medical images for diagnosis.
Radiologist
Study of body structure and organization.
Anatomy
Language used to describe medical concepts.
Medical Terminology
Devices used to capture medical images.
Radiologic Equipment
Test for certification as a licensed radiologic technologist.
Radiologic Technology Licensure Examination
Law regulating radiologic technology practice in Philippines.
Republic Act No. 7431
Process to verify qualifications and legitimacy of professionals.
Credentialing
Government permission to practice a profession.
Licensure
Voluntary recognition of competence by a non-governmental body.
Certification
Ongoing education required to maintain professional licensure.
Continuing Education Units (CEU)
Agency overseeing licensing of professionals in Philippines.
Professional Regulation Commission
Recognition granted after meeting standardized criteria.
Accreditation
Job options for radiologic technologists in various settings.
Career Opportunities
Learning activities enhancing professional abilities.
Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
How many years does the Radiologic Technology degree program require?
Four-year
Keeping patient data private and secure.
Patient Confidentiality
Avoiding personal gain at the expense of patients.
Conflict of Interest
Continuous improvement through education and research.
Professional Growth
Law regulating radiologic practice in the Philippines.
RA 7431 Radiologic Technology Act of 1992
A branch of medical science which deals with the use of radiation in the diagnosis, treatment and research of diseases.
Radiology
Includes all acts by which one renders, furnishes, or contracts to render or furnish professional service as an x-ray technologist.
Practice of X-ray Technology
Includes any and all acts by which one renders, furnishes, or contracts to render or furnish professional service as a radiologic technologist.
Practice of Radiologic Technology
Specific areas within the radiologic technology field.
Sub-speacialist
Specialist in using radioactive materials for diagnosis.
Nuclear Medicine Technologist
Nuclear Medicine Technologist
Radiation Therapist
Examines internal organs and detects abnormalities.
Diagnostic Radiography
Uses high-frequency sound and is used to form images in the soft tissues of the body.
Sonography
Live motion imaging to visualize internal processes.
Fluoroscopy
Cross-sectional imaging technique for detailed body views.
Computed Tomography (CT)
Builds 2-D or 3-D maps of different tissue types within the body with the use of a powerful magnetic field.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Uses radioactive tracers to assess organ function.
Nuclear Medicine
Uses radiation to shrink and sometimes eradicate, cancerous cells/growths in and on the body.
Radiotherapy
Uses low dose X-ray system to produce images of the human breasts.
Mammography
How many CPD Units are needed for RadTechs?
45 Units
WAY TO EARN CPD: accredited training by PRC, training by CPD council, resource speaker, trainer, panelist/reactor, facilitator/moderator)
Professional Track
WAY TO EARN CPD: Completion of Masters and Doctorate Degrees and the likes
Academic Track
WAY TO EARN CPD: Non-accredited training, accreditor, study tours, and socio-civic activity.
Self-Directed Track
WAY TO EARN CPD: Publication of output (research/thesis/dissertation/ resource materials/book/inventions)
Productive Scholarship Track
Anything that occupies
Matter
Building blocks of matter
Atom
Fundamental Particles of Atoms
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Three basic forms of matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
People involved in the creation of Ancient Greek Models
Plato & Aristotle and Leucippus & Democritus
According to them matter is a combination of the 4 elements: Water, Air, Fire, Earth
Plato & Aristotle
According to them, matter is invisible & are unbreakable blocks
Leucippus & Democritus
It states that all objects are made of particles called atoms and that they are solid spheres that cannot be divided further into smaller particles.
Solid Sphere Model by John Dalton
a scientific model of the atom that depicts an atom as a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within it
Plum Pudding Model by J.J. Thompson
The atom has a tiny, massive core called the nucleus. The nucleus has a positive charge.
Nuclear Model by Ernest Rutherford
The model describes the atom as having a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons orbiting in well-defined circular paths, or shells
Planetary Model by Niels Bohr
the process in which an atom or other particle adopts a higher energy state when energy is supplied
Excitation
positively charged subatomic particle
Protons
neutral subatomic particle
Neutron
negatively charged subatomic particle
Electron
He discovered protons
Eugene Goldstein
He discovered Neutrons
James Chadwick
He discovered electrons
Joseph John Thompson
Atomic Mass of each subatomic particle
proton = 1
neutron = 1
electron = 0
unit capacity charge of protons and electrons
protons = 1.602 x 10 ^ -19
electrons = -1.602 x 10 ^ -19
How many electron shells are there?
6 electron shells (K, L, M, N, O, P)
Laws of Conservation
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transformed.
made up of one type of atom
elements
made up of 2 atoms
molecules
a substance that consists one type of molecule
chemical compound
molecule that has other substances combined
mixture
refers to any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Ionization
the capacity to do work, or the ability to exert a force that moves an object
Energy
the energy that an object has stored due to its position, properties, and forces acting on it
Potential Energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
Kinetic energy
energy that is stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules
Chemical Energy
energy that results from the movement of charged particles, like electrons, through a conductor
electrical energy
the energy within a substance or object that is responsible for its temperature
Thermal energy
a form of energy that travels in waves through space, carrying momentum and radiant energy
electromagnetic energy
smallest unit of Electromagnetic energy
Photon
discrete volumes of Photon
Quanta
distance between trough & crest
Amplitude
distance between crests
Wavelength
The number of crests that pass a given point within one second
Frequency
a type of electromagnetic radiation with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum
Radio waves
a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves but longer than infrared waves.
Microwaves
a type of electromagnetic radiation that humans can feel as heat but cannot see. Longer wavelengths than microwaves.
Infrared waves
Light that allows us to see and decipher colors
Visible light
in visible light, – has the longest wavelength and — has the shortest wavelength
red ; violet
Shorter wavelength than visible light; higher frequency
Ultraviolet Radiation
a form of radiation with high energy that can pass through most objects, including the body. Shorter wavelengths; higher frequencies
X-radiation
electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by an unstable nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. Shortest wavelength; higher frequency
Gamma radiation
True or False.
X-ray is electrically positive.
FALSE. electrically neutral
True or False.
X-ray has a mass of 1.6 x 10^13
FALSE. no mass.
True or False.
X-ray travels at the speed of light.
TRUE
True or False.
X-ray is polyenergetic
TRUE
True or False.
X-ray travels in wave-like motions
FALSE. Travels in a straight line.
True or False.
X-ray can be absorbed or scattered.
TRUE
It has single column with rollers at each end, one attached to a ceiling-mounted rail and other attached to a floor-mounted rail.
Floor-to-ceiling support system
Most frequently used type of x-ray machine. Consists of two perpendicular sets of ceiling-mounted rails
Ceiling Support System
C-shaped machine commonly used in interventional radiology suite
C-arm Support System
Allows the Radiologic Technologist to control the x-ray tube and voltage so that the useful beam is of proper quantity and quality. Controls the line compensation, kVp, mA, and exposure time
Operating Console
Measures the voltage provided to the imaging system and adjust precisely to 220 V.
Line Compensator
It controls the voltage that is being delivered to the machine
Autotransformer
What is the formula for the autotransformer law?
Vs/Vp = Ns/Np
What does the variables in Vs/Vp = Ns/Np represent?
Vp - primary voltage
Vs - secondary voltage
Np - no. of windings enclosed by primary connections
Ns - no. of winding enclosed by secondary connections
“Quality of X-rays” Penetrating power
kVp (kiloVoltage peak)
Controls the quantity of X-rays. Is a measure of the quantity of electrons projected by the X-ray machine.
mA (milliAmperage)
Exposure time. Longer time = more x-rays reaching the film
S (seconds)
The number of x-rays that reach the image receptor is directly related to both the x-ray tube current and the time that the x-ray tube has been energized
Exposure Timers
A precision device designed to drive a shaft at precisely 60 revolution per seconds
Synchronous Timers
Most sophisticated, most complicated, and most accurate of the x-ray exposure timers. They are used for rapid serial exposures
Electronic Timers
It accurately controls the tube current and exposure time
mAs timers
A device that measures the quantity of radiation that reaches the image receptor.
Automatically terminates the exposure when the image receptor has received the required radiation intensity.
Automatic Exposure Control
Responsible in increasing the output voltage from the autotransformer to the kVp necessary for x-ray production
High Voltage Generator
3 primary parts of High voltage generator
High voltage transformers, filament transformers, rectifiers
It is required to ensure that electrons flow from x-ray tube cathode to anode only
Voltage Rectification
It is a condition in which the voltage is not allowed to swing negatively during the negative half of its cycle
Half-wave Rectification
process of converting AC to DC
Rectification
Rectifies the entire AC waveform
Full-wave Rectification
Caused by the alternate swing in voltage from zero to maximum potential 120 times each second under full-wave rectification
Single Phase Power
Multiple voltage waveform are superimposed on one another, resulting in a wave that maintains a nearly constant high voltage
Three-phase Power
speed of starting an exposure time
Initiation time
ending an exposure
Extinction time
It produce a nearly constant potential voltage waveform, improving image quality at lower patient radiation dose
HIgh Frequency Generator
Mechanical support to x-ray tube and protects the tube from rough handling
Protective Housing
It maintains vacuum. Allows for more efficient x-ray production and longer tube life
Glass or Metal enclosure
It maintains a constant electric potential between the electrons of the tube current and the enclosure
Metal Enclosure Tubes
The negative side of the x-ray tube
Cathode
A coil of wire that emits electrons when heated
Filament
It confines the electron beam to small area of the anode
Focusing cup
It is used when better spatial resolution is required (0.1 - 1 mm)
Small Focal Spot
Used when large body parts are imaged and when other techniques that produce high heat are required (0.3 - 2 mm)
Large Focal Spot
The positive side of the x-ray tube; it conducts electricity and radiates heat and contains the target
Anode
Used in general purpose radiography. They must be capable of producing high intensity x-ray beams in a short time
Rotating Anode
Used in dental and portable x-ray imaging system where high tube current an power are not required
Stationary Anode
Area of the anode struck by the electrons from the cathode
Target
Used to turn on the anode
Induction Motor
Consists of a series of electromagnets usually spaced around the neck of the tube (outside).
Stator
Shaft made of bars of copper and soft iron into one mass
Rotor
