1st recitation Flashcards
He is considered as the “Father of Probation” in England.
Mathew Davenport Hill
Non-institutional corrections is also called ________.
Community-based treatment program or correction
It was the first to adopt a county plan, where each county court was required to appoint a probation officer whose duty was to investigate the accused at the request of any court.
Vermont
What is the exact Latin translation of Lex Talionis to English?
“Law of Retaliation/ Revenge/Vengeance”
It is the fourth pillar of criminal justice system
Correction
He was a Boston police captain who became America’s first paid probation officer in 1878.
Edward Savage
Probation originated in _________.
England
It was the fourth State to pass a general probation law in 1900.
New Jersey
It was the third State to have a general type of probation law and it was known as The Act of 1899.
Rhode Island
The forerunners of probation originally came from _______.
England
The Supreme Court declared Act 4221 unconstitutional in the case of ____________.
People of the Philippines vs. Judge Jose Vera
One of the purposes of this law is to provide equitable retribution for an offended party so a person who has injured another person receives the same injury in compensation.
Lex Talionis
He was considered as the “First Official Probation Officer.”
John Augustus
He introduced the following beliefs in relation to offenders:
a) Individuals are not fully corrupt;
b) There is reasonable hope of reformation of offenders; and
c) If adults were given the chance as guardians of young convicts, they will be kind enough to take charge of the latter.
Mathew Davenport Hill
It was the sixth State to establish its general probation law in 1903.
California
On _____________, the Supreme Court declared Act 4221 unconstitutional.
November 16, 1937
It was the second State to enact a general probation law.
Vermont
He coined the word “probation.”
John Augustus
It was the principal method of disposing offenders to other countries.
Transportation (Galleys)
It became the first state to enact a probation law on April 21, 1878 under the administration of Governor Alexander H. Rice.
Massachusetts
He was a director of the Massachusetts Board of State Charities. He reported the result of probation in cases of juvenile offenders to the legislature, so the latter authorized the city of Boston to appoint probation officer for adult offenders.
Gardner Tufts
It is charged with reforming, correcting and rehabilitating offenders.
Correction
In this century, English Magistrates initiated experiments to determine the possibility of reformation of some young and inexperienced offenders from the stigma of prison.
Early 19th Century in England
These laws also vested balance of justice by introducing money compensation to the victim. This was where fines and restitution came from.
Laws of Babylon, Greece, and Rome
“Probation” was derived from the Latin word _______ which means ________.
probare, “to prove or to test”
Probation Office is now called ________.
Parole and Probation Administration
These laws introduced the principle of “An Eye for an Eye and the Tooth for a Tooth.”
Laws of Babylon, Greece, and Rome
He was known later as the “Father of Probation in the USA” but others say that he is the “World’s Father of Probation.”
John Augustus
PD 968 was enacted on ______.
July 24, 1976
It is the act of reforming offenders by other means outside institutions.
Non-Institutional Corrections
It is considered as the direct ancestor of Probation.
Recognizance
Act 4221 was enacted on ___________.
August 7, 1935
It was the fifth state to have a general probation law.
New York
During this time, youthful offenders would be brought back for sentence if the condition of release would be violated.
Early 19th Century in England
It is known by majority of the authors in the field of criminology as the weakest pillar of criminal justice system.
Correction
He was a former Congressman of 1st District Bulacan, a former Napolcom Chairman, author of drugs act of 1972 and Disability Act, and founder of probation in the Philippines. He is also known as the “Father of Probation in the Philippines.”
Teudulo Natividad
It was a temporary withholding of sentence used by early English judges.
Judicial Reprieve
It was further abolished by virtue of RA No. 9346.
Death Penalty
It is the act of reforming offenders by means of institutions.
Correctional Institutions
This law created a Probation Office under the Department of Justice and provided probation for first time offenders who were 18 years of age and above who were convicted of certain crimes.
Act 4221
It is where the first practical probation was demonstrated.
Massachusetts
It was the first State to adopt the designation “counsellor” rather than “officer.”
Rhode Island
PD 968 is known as the _________.
Adult Probation Law of 1976
The earliest device for softening the brutal severity of punishment was the ______________.
Benefits of Clergy
It is where the first use of the term probation as a court service and the first law on probation was enacted.
Massachusetts
In Lex Taliones, the severity of the penalty of the offender depends upon the ___________.
Severity of the crime
In 1899, these states enacted laws giving probation to juvenile delinquents only.
Minnesota and Illinois
Act 4221 is known as the _______________.
First Probation Law in the Philippines
