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A&P 1 > 1st Quiz > Flashcards

1st Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six levels of structural organization of the human body?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system level, & organism

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2
Q

Chemical level:

A

Atoms bond to form molecules with three-dimensional structures

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3
Q

Cellular level:

A

A variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell

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4
Q

Tissue level:

A

A community of similar cells form a body tissue

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5
Q

Organ level:

A

Two or more different tissues combine to form an organ

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6
Q

Organ system level:

A

Two or more organs work closely together to perform the function of a body system

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7
Q

Organismal level:

A

Many organs work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism

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8
Q

Conditions of Anatomy:

A
  • The might of God to be marveled
  • Knowledge of the patients parts
  • Prognosticate of the dispositions to come of the body
  • Curation of the sickness
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9
Q

Metabolism:
a) Anabolism:

A
  • Conversion of food to energy for cellular process
  • Conversion of food to building blocks for portions, lipids, nucleic acids, & some carbohydrates
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10
Q

Metabolism:
b) Catabolism:

A
  • complex substances broken down for energy & elimination of metabolic waste
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11
Q

Specialties of Anatomy:

A
  1. Regional Anatomy
  2. Developmental Anatomy
  3. Comparative Anatomy
  4. Microscopic/Gross Anatomy
  5. Surface Anatomy
  6. Systemic Anatomy
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12
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Focuses on the cells softer hard tissues and the organs in a particular region of the body

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13
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

the study of development & changes associated with cells, tissues, and organs

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14
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

Comparing anatomical studies between species

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15
Q

Microscopic/Gross Anatomy

A
  • Microscopic anatomy = study of structures too small to be seen without a microscope
  • Gross Anatomy = study of structures visible to the naked eye
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16
Q

Surface Anatomy:

A
  • The basis of the “physical exam”
  • Attempting to understand deep structures based on appearance of body surface
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17
Q

Systemic Anatomy:

A

Recognizing and independently studying the organ system of the body

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18
Q

Systems of the body:

A
  • Nervous system
  • Respiratory system
  • Endocrine system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Urinary system
  • Digestive system
  • Reproductive system
  • Muscular system
  • Lymphatic system
  • Skeletal system
  • Integumentary system
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19
Q

Nervous system:

A

Function:
- Information processing
- Receiving and responding

Major organs:
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Nerves

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20
Q

Respiratory System:

A

Function:
- Gas exchange

Major organs:
- Lungs
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Nasal Cavity

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21
Q

Endocrine system:

A

Function:
- Regulate metabolism
- Regulates/coordinates other organ system

Major organs:
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal gland
- Testes
- Ovaries

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22
Q

Cardiovascular System:

A

Function:
- Transport (of nutrients, wastes, proteins, hormones, etc.)

Major organs:
- Heart
- Blood vessels

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23
Q

Urinary system

A

Function:
- Metabolic waste disposal
- Filter blood

Major organs:
- Kidneys
- Urinary bladder
- Ureters
- Urethra

24
Q

Digestive system

A

Functions:
- Extract nutrients (atoms & energy) from the environment
- Excrete solid waste materials

Major organs:
- Oral cavity
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Gall bladder
- Small/large intestines
- Rectum

25
Q

Reproductive system:

A

Function:
- To produce offspring

Major organs (male):
- Penis
- Ejaculatory ducts
- Scrotum
- Testes

Major organs (female):
- Vagina
- Uterus
- Ovaries
- Breasts

26
Q

Muscular system:

A

Function:
- Movement
- Regulate body temperature

Mojar organs:
- Skeletal muscles
- Tendons

27
Q

Lymphatic System:

A

Function:
- Defense against foreign organisms
- Clean up damaged or destroyed material

Major organs:
- Lymph nodes
- Tonsils
- Thymus
- Spleen
- Mucosal-associated Lymphoid Tissue
- Lymphatic vessels

28
Q

Skeletal Systems:

A

Function:
- Protection of essential organs
- Framework for the body
- Lever system
- Calcium, RBC, WBC storage

Major Organs:
- Bones
- Ligaments

29
Q

Skeletal Systems:

A

Function:
- Protection of essential organs
- Framework for the body
- Lever system
- Calcium, RBC, WBC storage

Major Organs:
- Bones
- Ligaments

30
Q

Integumentary system:

A

Function:
- Protective barrier from environment and pathogens
- Body temperature regulation
- Sensory organ

Major organs:
- Skin (integument): three layers
- Sweat/oil glands
- Hair
- Nails

31
Q

Homeostasis:

A
  • May occur intrinsically or extrinsically
    Both intrinsic & extrinsic homeostasis mechanisms employ three components:
  • Receptor that responds to stimuli
  • Control center that process information from receptors
  • Effector that acts/responds at the command of the control center to alter stimulus
32
Q

Intrinsic homeostasis:

A

occurs within a cell, tissue, or organ
- capable of maintaining its own homeostasis

33
Q

Extrinsic homeostasis:

A

employs the nervous system and/or the endocrine system
- work outside the organs but can override intrinsic homeostasis

34
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up in the anatomical position

35
Q

Prone:

A

Lying face down in the anatomical position

36
Q

Sectional Anatomy:

A

illustrates the relationship among parts of a 3-dimensional object (human body)

37
Q

Transverse plane:

A

Divides of the body into superior & inferior equal or unequal portions

38
Q

Frontal plane:

A

divides the body into anterior & posterior equal or unequal portions

39
Q

Sagittal plane:

A

divides the body into right & left equal portions

40
Q

Parasagittal planes:

A

divides the body into right and left unequal halves

41
Q

Superior

A

toward the head

42
Q

Inferior

A

toward the feet

43
Q

Anterior

A

toward the the front of the body

44
Q

Posterior

A

toward the back of the body

45
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

46
Q

Lateral

A

aware from the midline of the body

47
Q

Proximal

A

toward the body trunk
(only used for limbs)

48
Q

Distal

A

away from the body trunk
(only used for limbs)

49
Q

Superficial

A

at or near the body surface

50
Q

Deep

A

Below the body surface

51
Q

The Ventral Body Cavity

A

Includes thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity includes:
- pleural cavity
- pericardial cavity
- Mediastinum

Thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm

The abdominopelvic cavity is conceptually divided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

52
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Contains the heart and lungs

Heart is in the pericardial cavity

Lungs are in the pleural cavity

The middle part of the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum

53
Q

Serous Membrane

A

The pleural and pericardial cavities are lined by serous membranes

Serous membranes possess two layers:
the visceral layer - touching the organ
the parietal (wall) layer – outside layer

54
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Peritoneum – serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

eritoneal Fluid - the fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum

55
Q

The Pelvic Cavity

A

The pelvic cavity is not lined with a serous membrane

The pelvis contains organs of the:
urinary system
digestive system
reproductive system

A&P 1 (1 decks)

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