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Civics > 1st Quarter Exam > Flashcards

1st Quarter Exam Flashcards

1
Q

the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

A

Government

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2
Q

things a govt. decides to do. Ex: taxation, defense, education, crime, health care, transportation, the environment, working conditions

A

Public policies

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3
Q

the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and process of a government

A

Constitution

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4
Q

the power to make laws and to frame public policies

A

Legislative power

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5
Q

the power to execute, enforce, and administer law

A

Executive power

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6
Q

the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within society

A

Judicial power

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7
Q

Single person

A

Dictator

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8
Q

Small group of elite

A

Oligarchy

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9
Q

Majority of the people

A

Democracy

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10
Q

body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority

A

State

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11
Q

What are the four characteristics of a state. Explain each

A

◦ Population- a state must have people, the number of which does not directly relate to its existence
◦ Territory- a state must be comprised of land- a territory with known and recognized boundaries
◦ Sovereignty- every state is sovereign. It has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and decides its own foreign and domestic policies
◦ Government- every state has a government- that is, it is politically organized

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12
Q

The Social Contract Theory was developed in the 17th and 18th centuries by

A

Thomas Hobbes
James Harrington
John Locke
Jean Jacques Rousseau

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13
Q

the opening statement of the Constitution of the US

A

Preamble

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14
Q

exists where the will of the people is translated into law directly by the people themselves

A

Direct democracy

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15
Q

a small group of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representatives, expresses the popular will

A

Indirect democracy

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16
Q

exists where those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people

A

Dictatorship

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17
Q

any govt. in which a single person holds unlimited political power

A

Autocracy

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18
Q

a Government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite

A

Oligarchy

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19
Q

has all powers held by a single, central agency

A

Unitary government

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20
Q

An alliance of independent states

A

Confederation

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21
Q

one in which the powers of govt. are divided between a central govt. and several local governments

A

Federal government

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22
Q

voters elect the legislature and the chief executive who is part of the executive branch. The legislature and executive are independent and coequal

A

Presidential government

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23
Q

voters elect the legislature. The chief executive is drawn from legislature

A

Parliamentary government

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24
Q

Democracy searches for a “__________” solution to public problems

A

Satisfactory

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25
Q

The majority must always be willing to listen to a __________’s __________, to hear its objections, to bear its criticism, and to welcome its suggestion
It also must recognize the right of any minority to become, by fair and lawful means, the _______

A

Minority’s argument

Majority

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26
Q

Total absence of government

A

Anarchy

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27
Q

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods; investments that are determined by predate decisions rather than by state control; and determined in a free market

A

Free enterprise system

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28
Q

Decisions in a free enterprise system are determined by the law of __________________

A

Supply and demand

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29
Q

An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion

A

Mixed economy

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30
Q

The U.S. has a ________ economy

A

Mixed

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31
Q

all data on the World Wide Web is not necessarily ______, and the long term effects of the internet on democracy has yet to be determined

A

True

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32
Q

Established the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute

A

Magna Carta

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33
Q

limited the king’s power and challenged the idea of the Divine Right of kings.

A

The petition Right

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34
Q

Each colony was established on the basis of a ________, a written grant of authority from the king

A

Charter

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35
Q

__________colonies were ruled directly by the English monarchy

A

Royal

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36
Q

The king granted land to people in North America, who then formed __________ colonies (business, money)

A

Proprietary

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37
Q

_______ colonies were mostly self governed, and their charters were granted to the colonists

A

Charter

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38
Q

Two house

A

Bicameral

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39
Q

One house

A

Unicameral

40
Q

Kink of England; imposed new taxes and laws on the colonists

A

King George III

41
Q

Joining of several groups for a purpose

A

confederation

42
Q

_________ __________ proposed the _______ _____ ___ _______ which an annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 would be formed (first time anyone organized an annual congress)

A

Benjamin franklin

Albany Plan of union

43
Q

In 1765, a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act congress in ___ ___

A

New York

44
Q

the refusal to buy or sell certain goods or services

A

Boycott

45
Q

At the ______ ________ ________, the colonists sent a declaration of rights to king George III. This was done in response to new laws passed by parliament called the ____________ ____, which were meant to punish the people of Boston for the Boston Tea Party

A

First continental congress

Intolerable acts

46
Q

At the Second Continental Congress, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in ____________. The Second Continental Congress served as the first _________ of the U.S. from 1776 to 1781

A

Philadelphia

government

47
Q

On _____ __, ____, the second continental congress adopted the delcrataion of independence

A

July 4 1776

48
Q

the principle that govt. can exist and function only with the consent of the governed. The people hold power

A

Popular sovereignty

49
Q

government is not all-powerful. There are limits to what government can and cannot do

A

Limited government

50
Q

sovereign people hold certain rights that the govt. must respect at all times (unalienable rights)

A

Civil rights and liberties

51
Q

power is divided among 3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Each branch has powers to check or control the actions of the other 2 branches

A

Separation of powers and checks and balances

52
Q

The articles of confederation established “a ________________________” among the states

A

Firm league of friendship

53
Q

Congress was given the power to __________, deal with ________ _______ issues, and settle ________ among states.

A

Declare war
national finance
Disputes

54
Q

Leaders at the Philadelphia. Convention

A

James Madison
Gouverneur Morris
Alexander Hamilton
George Washington

55
Q

The framers of the constitution decided to count _____-_______ of the slaves as population of that state

A

Three-fifths

56
Q

Opinions were ______. Some agreed with George Mason of Virginia who opposed the constitution until his death in 1792

A

Varied

57
Q

Federalists thought that the Articles of Confederation were ______, and argued for the ____________ of the constitution

A

Weak

Ratification

58
Q

Anti-Federalists objected to the constitution for many reasons, including the _______ _______ government, the lack of a _____ ___ ______ and the absence of any mention of _____

A

Strong central
Bill of rights
God

59
Q

How many states did it take to ratify the constitution

A

9

60
Q

Nine states ratified the constitution by June 21, 1788. Delaware (12-7-1787) was first, New Hampshire (6-21-1788) was ninth, but the new government needed the ratification of the large states of ____ _____ and ________ if the new government hoped to succeed

A

New York

Virginia

61
Q

was a collection of 85 essays supporting the constitution

A

The Federalist

62
Q

Though written and published in newspapers under the pen name Publius, modern scholars attribute them to

A

Alexander Hamilton (51), John Jay (5), and James Madison (29)

63
Q

The final state to ratify the constitution was ______ _______

A

Rhode Island

64
Q

• The new congress met for the first time on march 4,1789, in the temporary capital of ____ ____ _____

A

New York City.

65
Q

sets out the basic principles upon which government in the United States was built

A

Constitution

66
Q

The constitution is a_____ _____ document

A

Fairly brief

67
Q

The constitution is organized into eight sections: the ________ and ______ ________. The original document is followed by 27 amendments

A

Preamble

seven articles

68
Q

States the purpose of the constitution

A

Preamble

69
Q

Legislative branch

A

Article I

70
Q

Executive branch

A

Article II

71
Q

Article III

A

Judicial branch

72
Q

relations among states and with the national government

A

Article IV

73
Q

Article V

A

Amending the constitution

74
Q

national debts, supremacy of national law, and oaths of office

A

Article VI

75
Q

Ratifying the constitution

A

Article VII

76
Q

asserts that the people are the slice of any and all government power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed

A

Popular sovereignty

77
Q

states that government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has rights that government cannot take away

A

Limited government

78
Q

government must be conducted according to constitutional principles

A

constitutionalism

79
Q

the principle in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government are three independent and coequal branches of government

A

Separation of powers

80
Q

the system that allows the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to check, or restrain, the actions of one another. Examples: presidential veto, congress overriding a veto, Supreme Court declaring a law unconstitutional

A

Checks and balances

81
Q

consists of the power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a government action.

A

Judicial review

82
Q

system of government in which the powers of the govt. are divided between a central government and several local governments. Examples: U.S. government; State governments; country, parish or city governments

A

Federalism

83
Q

Changing the written words of the constitution

A

Formal a,end,net

84
Q

_______ sets out two methods for the proposal and two methods for the ratification of constitutional amendments, creating four possible methods of formal amendment

A

Article V

85
Q

the first ten amendments are known as the_____ ___ ______.

A

Bill of Rights

86
Q

the process by which over time many changes have been made in the constitution which have not involved any changes in its written word

A

Informal amendment

87
Q

Informal amendments are done through the _______ _______ of the government

A

Daily actions

88
Q

Article III, section 1 of the constitution provides for “one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as _______ may establish”

A

congress

89
Q

The president is the _________ __ ________ of the armed forces

A

Commander in chief

90
Q

a pact made by the president with the head of a foreign state (does not need senate approval)

A

Executive agreement

91
Q

a formal agreement between two or more sovereign states (needs senate approval)

A

Treaty

92
Q

The Supreme Court case of Marburg v. Madison in 1803 established the court’s power of ______ _______

A

judicial review

93
Q

the power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a government action

A

Judicial review

94
Q

the group that makes the formal selection for the nation’s president

A

Electoral college

95
Q

Nowhere in the constitution does it say the president can have a cabinet. Yet every president since Washington has appointed the heads of the executive department as his personal ________ _________

A

advisory council

96
Q

the senate will approve only those presidential appointees who are acceptable to the senator or senators of the president’s party from the state involved

A

Senatorialcourtesy

Civics (4 decks)

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