1st Quarter Exam Flashcards
Region made up of different places that are linked and function as a unit
Many churches one religion
Functional region
An area with one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas
Oasis in the desert
Formal region
The study of weather
Meteorology
The study of maps and mapmaking
Cartography
with one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas
Region
Regions that reflect human feelings and attitudes
Jamaica and Hawaii
Perceptual regions
What do geographers use to understand the world
Spatial perspective
they look for patterns and try to explain them
What are the two branches of geography
Human geography and physical geography
Studiesmthe distribution and characteristics of the world’s people
Human geography
Natural environment
Physical geography
A mapmaker
Cartographer
A person who studies the weather
Meteorologist
What are the three types of regions
Formal functional perceptual
The grid on a globe is made up of
Longitude and latitude
The_____lies halfway between the north and south poles
Equator
Lines of latitude are also called
Parallels
Lines of longitude are also called
Meridians
The_____ is an imaginary line drawn from the north pole to the South Pole
Prime meridian
What do parallels and meridians measure distance in
Degrees
A collection of maps all in one book
Atlas
Mapmakers put our round earth on a flat map using
Map projection
Name the tree map projections
Cylindrical conic flat plane
The shortest route between any two places on the planet is called
Great circle route
Helps us determine real distance between points on a map
Distance scales
A compass Rose is a type of
Directional indicator
Identifies the symbols on a map and what they represent
Legend
Most accurate at the equator (where the paper touches)
Advantages: direction and shape
Disadvantage: north gets bigger. South gets smaller
Cylindrical projection
Where the cone touches Is most accurate
Advantages: Direction and shape
Disadvantages: Shows less
Conic projection
Touches only at one point
Advantages: Perfect direction
shortest distance is not straight-great distance route
Disadvantages: Size coastline shape
Flat plane projection
The study of everything on earth from rocks and rainfall to people and places
Geography
The two halves of the globe
Hemispheres
Shows the average temperatures and precipitation in a place
Climate graph
The condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place
Weather
Weather conditions in a geographic location over a long time are called
Climate
Winds that blow from the same direction most of the time
Prevailing winds
How does a front occur
Went to air masses of widely different temperatures or moisture levels meet
What is the Gulf Stream
A warm water current
Process in which water changes from a liquid to a gas
Evaporation
The amount of water in the air
Humidity
Process by which water vapor changes from a gas into liquid droplets
Condensation
Occurs when moist air pushes against a mountain
Orographic effect
Middle latitude storms
Tornadoes
Most powerful and destructive tropical cyclones
Hurricanes
The name of hurricanes in the Western Pacific ocean
Typhoons
A dryer area on the Leeward side of the mountain range
Rain shadow
The study of the Earth’s physical structure and the processes that have created them
Geology
Rocks break and decay overtime in a process is called
Weathering
What causes erosion
Water wind and ice
Movement of water through the hydrosphere is called the
Hydrologic cycle
First and smaller streams from Runoff
Headwaters
Any small stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river
Tributary
The whole region drained by the river and its tributaries
Drainage basin
Watershed
Provide water supplies fish and recreation opportunities
Lakes
Semi enclosed body of water where fresh water and sea water mix
Estuaries
Any landscape that is covered with water for at least part of the year
Wetlands
Can move apart collide or slip past each other
Tectonic plates
When two plates on the ocean floor collide
One slides underneath the other
How are most mountains formed
Tectonic plate collisions
Explains how forces within Earth create landforms
The theory of plate tectonics
Name to renewable resources
Soil and forests
Name three nonrenewable resources
Coal natural gas and petroleum
The Statistical study of human population
Demography
Information in number form
Statistics
The average number of people living in an area
Population density
Number of births each year for every 1000 people
Birthrate
Total number of deaths each year for every 1000 people
Death rate
Process of moving from one place to live in another
Migration
People who leave a country to live somewhere else
Emigrants
People who come to a new country to live
Immigrants
What are some push factors name some
Causes people to leave a location
War lack of freedom or safety hurricanes weather political situation jobs finance
What are pull factors name some
Attracts people to a new location
Weather political situation freedom safety jobs family sites school finance
People who have been forced to leave and cannot return to their homes
Refugees
Activities and behaviors in which people often engage
Cultural Traits
An area in which people have many shared culture traits
Culture region
A human population that shares a common culture or ancestry
Ethnic groups
How does culture traits change
Through time
Marriage age women education segregation values
When an Individual or group adopts some of the traits of another culture
Acculturation
When immigrant groups Adopt all of the features of the main culture
Assimilation
New ideas that a culture accepts
Innovation
When an idea or innovation spreads from one person or group to another and is adopted
Diffusion
Connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike
Globalization
Opposite of globalization
Traditionalism
Any movement in which people believe in strictly following certain established principles or teachings
Fundamentalism
Focuses on one ethnic group
Ethnic religions
People believe in the presence of spirits and forces of nature
Animist religions
Belief in many gods
Polytheism
Seek followers all over the world
Universalizing religions
What happens in stage one
Both birthrates and death rates are high
Infant mortality rate is high
Typical of mainly agricultural countries
What happens in stage two
Death rate begins to fall
Total population grow
Rapid growth of cities
What happens in stage three
Both birthrates and death rates are low
Typical of economically advanced countries
Urban and industrial societies
How is the rate of natural increase found
Birthrate minus deathrate
These Religions focus on one ethnic group and generally have not spread into other cultures
Ethnic religions
These religions seek followers all over the world
Universalizing religions
These religions are based on monotheism
Universalizing religions
People believe in the presence of spirits and forces of nature
Animist religions
Hinduism is the largest religion of this type
Ethnic religions
Polytheism is an essential part of most of these religions
Animist religions
What does a missionary do
Helps to spread a religion
Where are animist religions commonly found
Many traditional societies
What is the goal of universalizing religions
To spread their beliefs to the entire world
What makes up 80% of North America
Canada and United States
Most major landforms in North America stretch from
North to south
Islands along coastal Plains created by ocean waves and current depositing sand in shallow water
Barrier islands
An area at or near the foot of the Mountain region
Right next to it is lower elevation
Piedmont
The boundary between the Piedmont and the coastal plain
Fall. Line
Stretches from Alabama to southeastern Canada
Appalachian Mountains
Which mountain ranges does the Appalachian Mountains include
Blue Ridge
Catskill
Green
Created by collision of North America with Africa
Appalachian Mountains
Between the Appalachian and the Rocky Mountains
Interior plains
What does the interior plains contain
The Mississippi River basin (watershed)
thousands of lakes
Great Plains
Stretch from New Mexico to Canada
Rocky Mountains
Made up of several mountain ranges
Rocky Mountains
A lower area of land generally surrounded by mountains
Basin
Where is death Valley
In the great basin
Where is the lowest point in North America
Death Valley
What are the two major mountain systems
Sierra Nevada
Cascades
Tectonically active region around the edges of the Pacific
Ring of fire
A place where magma builds
Hotspot
Divides North America river systems into those flowing eastward and those flowing westward
Continental divide
Events in the physical environment that can destroy human life and property
Natural hazards
Small plants that consist of algae and fungi
Lichens
The United States has 25% of the world what
Call reserves
Where is the Appalachian Mountains
East
Where is the piedmont
East
Where is the Catskill Mountains
East
Where is the Blue Ridge Mountains
East
Where is the Mississippi River
Interior
Where is the Great Plains
Interior
Where is the Great Lakes
Interior
Where is the Ozark Plateau
Interior
Where is the Colorado River
West
Where is death Valley
West
Where is the Rocky Mountains
West
Where is the Sierra Nevada
West
It Piedmont is _____an region
Upland
Where did many early settlements in the eastern part of United States form
Along the Fall line
What is between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains
Interior plains
Where does Sierra Nevada run along
California’s eastern border
Which continent has the most large lakes
North America
The United States has every climate type but which one
Ice caps
What are the four factors that influence the distribution of climates in the United States
Prevailing winds
Ocean currents
Highlands
middle latitude location
Who reached the Americas about 500 years ago
The European explorers
Who became the major influence on the United States
The British
How many colonies did the British establish
13
Which transportation was the colonist mainly the world
Water transportation
What economy did the American colonies develop
Regional economies
US federal system
Power divided between local state and national governments
Ultimate power rests with who in US federal system
The people
What is the Northeasts main economic development
Industrializing
What is the South’s main economic development
Plantations
Plantations
Large farms that produce one major crop
World War I
Started in 1910s
We were in 1917–1918
Changed the ways wars were fought
Great Depression
1930s The stock market was new to people do not know how to do it They thought it would always go up They never thought it would go down There is also a drought and the Dustbowl
World War II
Started late 1930s
We entered in 1941 to 1945
US superpower
Around 1945 We won a huge war Large military Atomic bomb Great economics and political stance
Cold War
Indirect war with Soviet Union 1930s to 1991 Political difference stopped alliance Allies fought allies Ends as Soviet Union fell apart
Modern times
More diversity
More people coming into power
Bilingual
Able to speak two languages
Where is the population Concentrated
Northeast
What is an important factor in the development of the US economy
Education
Smallest and most densely populated region
Northeast
A group of cities that have grown into one large area
Megalopolis
Name five cities that are megalopolises
Boston New York City Philadelphia Baltimore Washington DC
Political and financial center
Northeast
Most industrialized region
Northeast
A city and its surrounding built-up areas
Metropolitan
Major farming region
Midwest
Fit for growing crops
Arable
Cornbelt
Midwest
Cornbelt states
Ohio Illinois Indiana Missouri
Dairy belt
Midwest
Dairy belt states
Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota
Largest city in Midwest
Chicago
Twin Cities
Minneapolis and St. Paul
Industries based on raw materials
South
New industries high-tech and aerospace
South
Tourism and retirement
South
Largest metropolitan area in the south
Dallas-Fort Worth
Largest and most sparsely populated region
West
We belt
Interior West
Livestock
Interior West
Pacific states
Silicon Valley tech capital
Natural resources and tourism
Silicon Valley
Tech capital
A huge powerful country
Superpower
Trade deficit
When the value of its exports is less than the value of its imports
North American Free Trade Agreement
Agreement signed by North American countries eliminating tariffs encouraging trading
