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GERIATRIA MARISOL > 1st Partial > Flashcards

1st Partial Flashcards

1
Q

What are crosslinks in the context of aging?

A

CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PROTEINS IN TISSUES

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2
Q

How does a scarcity of nutrients impact cellular function?

A

IT BOOSTS CELLULAR REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE MECHANISMS

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3
Q

What is the primary indicator of a country transitioning Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model?

A

DECREASING DEATH RATES

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4
Q

What is cellular senescence?

A

PROCESS OF CESSATION OF CELL DIVISION

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5
Q

Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by rapid population growth over low death rates and high birth rates?

A

STAGE 2 (EARLY EXPANDING)

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6
Q

Which type of diseases has shown a growing impact with increasing longevity?

A

CHRONIC AND NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES

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7
Q

What does the width of the base of an expansive population pyramid indicate?

A

HIGH BIRTH RATES

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8
Q

What term refers to the portion of our lives during which we are free of disease?

A

HEALTH EXPECTANCY

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9
Q

With respect to AGING, select the WRONG statement:

A

THE CHANGES IN THE LIVING BEING, THROUGH THE YEARS, PRODUCE AN INCREASE IN THE ADAPTABILITY CAPACITY OF THE ORGANISM IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT

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10
Q

What is the Hayflick Limit?

A

A LIMIT ON CELLULAR REPLICATION

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11
Q

What is the primary goal of addressing aging in the medical community?

A

TO OPTIMIZE HEALTH EXPECTANCY

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12
Q

What are free radicals, and how do they contribute to mitochondrial damage?

A

HARMFUL SUBSTANCES PRODUCED DURING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION

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13
Q

What is inflammaging?

A

A STATE OF CONTINUOUS INFLAMMATION IN AGING-RELATED DISEASES

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14
Q

Which pharmacological agent, commonly prescribed for arterial hypertension, is associated with a notable side effect of gingival enlargement?

A

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

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15
Q

What is the primary goal of senolytics?

A

TO TARGET AND REMOVE SENESCENT CELLS

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16
Q

What does the term ‘demographic transition’ refer to?

A

THE PROCESS OF MOVING FROM HIGH BIRTH AND DEATH RATES TO LOW BIRTH AND DEATH RATES OVER TIME

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17
Q

What are telomeres?

A

PROTECTIVE REGIONS AT THE END OF CHROMOSOMES

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18
Q

How does protein homeostasis contribute to cellular function?

A

BY PROMOTING PROTEIN BREAKDOWN AND RECYCLING

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19
Q

What type of population pyramid is shown in the image? (uniforme)

A

STATIONARY PYRAMID

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20
Q

What is a population pyramid?

A

A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION OF A POPULATION

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21
Q

What role does the immune system play in clearing senescent cells?

A

IT ELIMINATES SENESCENT CELLS

22
Q

What led to the implementation of the General Population Law in Mexico in 1974?

A

HIGH FERTILITY RATES

23
Q

What is the main determinant of population aging?

A

DECREASING FERTILITY RATES

24
Q

What type of population pyramid is shown in the image? (bajo-crece-bajo)

A

CONSTRICTIVE PYRAMID

25
Q

Force exerted against the arterial wall by blood flowing through arteries

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

26
Q

What happens when telomeres become critically short?

A

THEY CANNOT PROTECT DNA ANYMORE, LEADING TO DAMAGE

27
Q

Which demographic trend is associated with a transition from an expansive to a constrictive population pyramid?

A

DECREASING BIRTH RATES AND INCREASING LIFE EXPECTANCY

28
Q

What are the consequences of not clearing senescent cells?

A

INCREASED INFLAMMATION

29
Q

What is the primary function of stem cells in the body?

A

TISSUE REPAIR AND REGENERATION

30
Q

What type of country is typically associated with a constrictive population pyramid?

A

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES WITH LOW BIRTH AND DEATH RATES

31
Q

What is a significant factor contributing to the decrease in fertility rates?

A

INCREASED ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE BIRTH CONTROL

32
Q

What additional information can be extrapolated from a population pyramid?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE (ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, MIGRATION PATTERNS, HISTORICAL EVENTS)

33
Q

What is the primary mechanism through which a low-sugar diet slows down aging?

A

BY REDUCING THE FORMATION OF CROSSLINKS

34
Q

How does consuming foods high in sugars contribute to aging?

A

IT ACCELERATES THE FORMATION OF CROSSLINKS

35
Q

Why is cellular senescence considered a protective mechanism?

A

IT PREVENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER

36
Q

Which of the following symptoms may indicate advanced arterial hypertension?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE (NAUSEA OR VOMITING, OCCIPITAL HEADACHE, SHORTNESS OF BREATH)

37
Q

Stem cell exhaustion contributes to an increase in regenerative capacity over time

A

FALSO

38
Q

What process is responsible for clearing damaged mitochondria from cells?

A

MITOPHAGY

39
Q

What is the consequence of protein accumulation inside cells?

A

CELLULAR DYSFUNCTION

40
Q

How does the shape of a population pyramid change as a population ages?

A

IT BECOMES WIDER AT THE TOP

41
Q

What are some characteristics of aging?

A

HETEROGENEITY AND SINGULARITY

42
Q

Primary hypertension primarily stems from various etiologies, yet which factor is not typically associated with its development?

A

ENDOCRINE DISEASES

43
Q

How does protein accumulation affect blood vessels?

A

IT MAKES THEM MORE FRAGILE

44
Q

What has led to the shift in the causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic conditions

A

IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES

45
Q

In which type of country is an expansive population pyramid typically found?

A

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WITH HIGH BIRTH AND DEATH RATES

46
Q

Which aging disease is associated with protein accumulation in the brain?

A

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

47
Q

How is aging defined?

A

A PROGRESSIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS OCCURRING FROM CONCEPTION ONWARDS

48
Q

What does a stationary population pyramid indicate?

A

STABLE BIRTH AND DEATH RATES

49
Q

What happens when mitochondria evade destruction through mitophagy?

A

THEY ACCUMULATE IN CELLS

50
Q

Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high birth and death rates, resulting in minimal population growth?

A

STAGE 1 (HIGH STATIONARY)

GERIATRIA MARISOL (2 decks)

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