1st Midterm Study Flashcards
How long is the Maturation and Remodeling phase of Healing?
21 days - 2 years
label the lateral ankle
label the medial ankle
what are the 3 sources of pain
somatic, visceral, psychogenic
what is somatic pain
what is visceral pain
what is psychogenic pain
what are the 3 phases of healing
what is the timeline of healing in terms of the 3 phases, and how long are the 3 phases
what are the characteristics of acute pain
what are the goals of inflammation
how long is the inflammatory response phase
how long is the fibroblastic repair phase
what are nociceptors and what do they do
what are some factors that impede healing
what is the mechanism to prevent blood loss
hemostasis. also known as platelet clotting or blood clotting. Platelets stick to damaged tissue and recruit more platelets to form a plug around a penetration.
what is myositis ossificans
when bone forms inside muscle tissue
what are osteoblasts and osteoclasts
blasts create bone, and clasts break down bone tissue
what are the stages of bone healing
same three as soft tissue healing. Inflammatory response. Fibroblastic Repair. Maturation and Remodeling.
what are 4 factors that contribute to fracture healing speed
severity, site, overall trauma, patient age
what is a summary of the bone healing process, broken down into 4 steps
blood vessels form clots, soft callus forms around broken site, ossification starts and forms bony callus. osteoclasts remove excess tissue and bone resembles original appearance.
3 mechanism to prevent blood loss
What are the signs of inflammation
Pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
What is a muscle strain
A stretch, tear, or rip in a muscle or it’s tendon
What is a muscle cramp
Painful involuntary muscle contractions, happen while sleeping or at rest. Thought to be due to lack of water, or strength/electrolyte imbalance.
What is muscle guarding
A muscle contraction in response to pain. Done to minimize pain after an injury
What are muscle spasms
A reflex action in the muscle caused by trauma of the musculoskeletal system
What are the two types of muscle spasms
Clonic (shorts spasms) and tonic (longer lasting contractions)
How are contusions classified
Into 1st 2nd 3rd degree
What are 1st degree contusions
Superficial tissue is crushed. Mild swelling and loss of function. No ROM loss
What are 2nd degree contusions
Superficial and deep tissues are crushed. Moderate swelling and loss of function. Decreased ROM
What are 3rd degree contusions
Deep tissues are crushed. Severe swelling and loss of function. Significant decrease in ROM
Low magnitude long duration injuries
Things like blisters, callous, stress fracture, overuse injuries like tendinitis
High magnitude short duration injuries
High impact energy, moderate chance of injury based on impact threshold of body part
Low magnitude short duration
Mild contusions possibly
High magnitude long duration
Greatest potential for injury to all structures involved. Fractures, dislocations, ligament injuries
What is talocrural joint
Formed by talus, tibia, fibula. Allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, supported by deltoid and lateral ligaments.
