1st Midterm Study

Question 1

How long is the Maturation and Remodeling phase of Healing?

Answer 1

21 days - 2 years

Question 2

label the lateral ankle

Answer 2

Question 3

label the medial ankle

Answer 3

Question 4

what are the 3 sources of pain

Answer 4

somatic, visceral, psychogenic

Question 5

what is somatic pain

Answer 5

Question 6

what is visceral pain

Answer 6

Question 7

what is psychogenic pain

Answer 7

Question 8

what are the 3 phases of healing

Answer 8

Question 9

what is the timeline of healing in terms of the 3 phases, and how long are the 3 phases

Answer 9

Question 10

what are the characteristics of acute pain

Answer 10

Question 11

what are the goals of inflammation

Answer 11

Question 12

how long is the inflammatory response phase

Answer 12

Question 13

how long is the fibroblastic repair phase

Answer 13

Question 14

what are nociceptors and what do they do

Answer 14

Question 15

what are some factors that impede healing

Answer 15

Question 16

what is the mechanism to prevent blood loss

Answer 16

hemostasis. also known as platelet clotting or blood clotting. Platelets stick to damaged tissue and recruit more platelets to form a plug around a penetration.

Question 17

what is myositis ossificans

Answer 17

when bone forms inside muscle tissue

Question 18

what are osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 18

blasts create bone, and clasts break down bone tissue

Question 19

what are the stages of bone healing

Answer 19

same three as soft tissue healing. Inflammatory response. Fibroblastic Repair. Maturation and Remodeling.

Question 20

what are 4 factors that contribute to fracture healing speed

Answer 20

severity, site, overall trauma, patient age

Question 21

what is a summary of the bone healing process, broken down into 4 steps

Answer 21

blood vessels form clots, soft callus forms around broken site, ossification starts and forms bony callus. osteoclasts remove excess tissue and bone resembles original appearance.

Question 22

3 mechanism to prevent blood loss

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the signs of inflammation

Answer 23

Pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function

Question 24

What is a muscle strain

Answer 24

A stretch, tear, or rip in a muscle or it’s tendon

Question 25

What is a muscle cramp

Answer 25

Painful involuntary muscle contractions, happen while sleeping or at rest. Thought to be due to lack of water, or strength/electrolyte imbalance.

Question 26

What is muscle guarding

Answer 26

A muscle contraction in response to pain. Done to minimize pain after an injury

Question 27

What are muscle spasms

Answer 27

A reflex action in the muscle caused by trauma of the musculoskeletal system

Question 28

What are the two types of muscle spasms

Answer 28

Clonic (shorts spasms) and tonic (longer lasting contractions)

Question 29

How are contusions classified

Answer 29

Into 1st 2nd 3rd degree

Question 30

What are 1st degree contusions

Answer 30

Superficial tissue is crushed. Mild swelling and loss of function. No ROM loss

Question 31

What are 2nd degree contusions

Answer 31

Superficial and deep tissues are crushed. Moderate swelling and loss of function. Decreased ROM

Question 32

What are 3rd degree contusions

Answer 32

Deep tissues are crushed. Severe swelling and loss of function. Significant decrease in ROM

Question 33

Low magnitude long duration injuries

Answer 33

Things like blisters, callous, stress fracture, overuse injuries like tendinitis

Question 34

High magnitude short duration injuries

Answer 34

High impact energy, moderate chance of injury based on impact threshold of body part

Question 35

Low magnitude short duration

Answer 35

Mild contusions possibly

Question 36

High magnitude long duration

Answer 36

Greatest potential for injury to all structures involved. Fractures, dislocations, ligament injuries

Question 37

What is talocrural joint

Answer 37

Formed by talus, tibia, fibula. Allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, supported by deltoid and lateral ligaments.