1st Midterm pt 2

Question 1

What are the different kinds of energy? What are the different “qualities” (or intensities) of energy?

Answer 1

-Energy: is ability to do work or ability to move or cause change in matter.
Different Energies: Potential, electric, light, heat, kinetic, and nuclear energy.
The more number of bonds=more energy

Question 2

How does photosynthesis work? How and where is energy stored? How is this energy released?

Answer 2

6H2O+ 6CO2+ solar energy 6O2 + C6H12O6

• Plants get energy from the sun, animals eat plants and we eat the animals which provides us with energy.
• energy is stored in. CH2O +6CO2+ Solar Energy→ chlorophyll= C6H12O6 + 6O2.
• Molecules are bonded by energy when broken down this is when we lose energy. Energy is stored in sugar.
• Plants get ENERGY from the SUN. No matter from the sun. THE SUN DON’T MATTER.

Question 3

What are trophic levels?

Answer 3

• Position of organisms on food chain.
• Trophic levels producers (primary) and consumers.
• Primary

Question 4

What are food webs? How are they characterized?

Answer 4

• food webs and food chains: same as chains but wider,
• Food webs show the different paths plants and animals are connected.
• A food web has many food chains.
• A Food chain follows one path.

Question 5

What are biological communities? What are species? What are populations? What are ecosystems? How do these differ from one another?

Answer 5

• Biological communities: all interacting populations.
• Species: group of living organisms consisting of similar genes and interbreeding. *reproducers and give viable, fertile.
• Populations: all members of a given species living in a given area at a given time.
• Ecosystem: communities and abiotic factors (water, sunlight, temp, acidity, rocks)

Question 6

What are niches?

Answer 6

• the total set of environmental factors that determine species distribution within a community.
• Niches are always changing because the environment is always changing.
• include biotic and abiotic.

Question 7

What are predation, parasitism, etc.?

Answer 7

-Predation: (+, -)
One organism receives benefit (+), other organism gets hurt (-).
Ex. cow eating grass or wolf eating sheep. Predation keeps environment healthy. Usually where natural selection takes place.

Question 8

How about competition?

Answer 8

-Competition :(-, -) (ex. Rams. when two animals (or humans) compete for food, sex, or other resources; it is negative for both of them because they will both end up getting injured when fighting over resources.)

Question 9

Symbiosis? What are the different kinds of symbiosis, and how do they differ?

Answer 9

-Mutualism: (+, +) (ex. GI bacteria, 2 species benefitting from each other.)
-Parasitism: (+, -) (living off a host, taking resources from host.)
-Commensalism: (+, 0) (ex. is moss on a tree, moss needs the tree, but tree does not need moss no benefit or consequence for the tree. Only benefits moss.)
-Anensalism (-, O): frog steeped on by cow by accident while coexisting in a pond.
*Symbiosis: intimate living together of members of 2 or more species.
Ex. Mutualism and Commensalism.

Question 10

What are the properties of communities? What makes them stable or unstable?

Answer 10

-Diversity: # of different species.
-Complexity: # of species at each trophic level.
Generally speaking, the MORE COMLEX OR DIVERSE a community is, the more stable.