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Anthropology 101 > 1st Midterm > Flashcards

1st Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Nanook is a food producer.

A

False; He’s a hunter-gatherer

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2
Q

Nomadic

A

*go from one place to another

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3
Q

Women Hunters

A
  • are good, but have to give birth and take care of kids

* losing a male hunter is better than losing a woman because they reproduce

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4
Q

Hunter-Gatherers

A

*Constant feast and family causes health issues

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5
Q

Linguistics

A

*language changes over time

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6
Q

Culture

A

*expressed w/ language

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7
Q

Archeologists

A

*studying living peoples, or peoples of the past

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8
Q

Culture-Bound

A

*putting your culture on hold and trying to mesh into another

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9
Q

Ethnography

A

*personal observations (first hand)

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10
Q

Unaltered Fossil

A

*hasn’t changed significantly

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11
Q

Fossil Locality

A

*where fossils are found

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12
Q

Artifact

A

*shaped/fashioned by humans

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13
Q

Fossil

A

*impression or trace of humans

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14
Q

Altered Fossil

A

*altered by replacement over time

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15
Q

Soil Marks

A

*stains that show up on the surface (mountains)

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16
Q

Grid System

A

*record/control data

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17
Q

Flotation

A

*fine particles (using soil + water)

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18
Q

Stratified

A

*layered

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19
Q

Site

A

*a place where human activity occurred

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20
Q

Datum Point

A
  • fixed reference point

* measure from datum point

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21
Q

Technology

A

*stone age use stone tools, comparing different stages of our development

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22
Q

Relative

A

*one object is older or younger relative to another

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23
Q

Absolute

A

*give number/date (writing)

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24
Q

Stratigraphy

A

*most recent layers are on top if no geological change: layers

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25
Q

Radiocarbon Dating (C-14)

A
  • w/in 50,000 years, organic material
  • measure amount of C14 left in material
  • 15 beta particles/minute
  • 1/2 life= 5730 years
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26
Q

Flourine

A
  • dating technique based on bones
  • amount of fluorine picked up by bone from ground water
  • *specific to area
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27
Q

Dendrochronology

A
  • “tree time”

* 5,000 years and area specific

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28
Q

Palynology

A
  • look at pollens
  • virtually indestructible determine where they came from
  • *no pollen= older
29
Q

Potassium Argon (K-Ar)

A
  • has 1/2 life (1.3 billion years)

* volcanic rock

30
Q

Amino Acid Racemization

A
  • ration of amino acids
  • the way they bend (left or right)
  • found in eggs 40,000-180,000
31
Q

Electron Spin Resonance

A
  • about 200,000 years

* measures electrons in bones

32
Q

Taphonomy

A
  • anything from death to discovery and vice versa

* *process

33
Q

Baobob Tree

A

*uses Carbon 14 not dendrochronology

34
Q

Dating Techniques

A

*don’t tell age

35
Q

Primate Order

A

*shared common ancestry

36
Q

Genes

A

*responsible for traits

37
Q

DNA

A

*strand of genes

38
Q

Chromosome

A

*where DNA is stored in nucleus

39
Q

Alleles

A

*variations/alternate forms of genes

40
Q

Mitosis

A
  • cellular division
  • offspring cells replicate parents
  • 23 pairs
41
Q

Meiosis

A
  • sex cell division

* 23 singles and 4 doubles

42
Q

Homozygous

A

*chromosome pair w/ same alleles

43
Q

Heterozygous

A

*chromosome pair w/ different alleles

44
Q

Dominant

A

*masks presence of recessiveness

45
Q

Recessive

A

*masked by dominant

46
Q

Phenotype

A

*physical observable appearance

47
Q

Genotype

A

*genetic make-up

48
Q

Polygenetic Inheritance

A

*2 or more genes working together (skin color)

49
Q

Gene Pool

A

*all the genes

50
Q

Evolution

A

*change over time

51
Q

Mutation

A
  • the source of new genetic variation

* (alteration of a gene that produces a new allele)

52
Q

Genetic Drift

A

*chance change in allele frequency

53
Q

Genetic Flow

A

*consistent travel of genes from 1 group to another

54
Q

Natural Selection

A
  • reproductive success

* passing gene off to offspring

55
Q

Directional Selection

A

*change in a population’s gene pool over time

56
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

*as long as everything is stable, they stay the same

57
Q

Mutagens

A

*the ability to cause a mutation

58
Q

Radiation

A

*has ability to cause mutations

59
Q

Chemicals

A

*can be mutagenic

antibiotics

60
Q

Temp Changes

A

*potential to cause mutations

61
Q

Spontaneous

A

*randomly happen

62
Q

Adaptation

A

*ability to change

63
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

*branch off

64
Q

Banobos

A
  • have alpha female

* have sex all the time

65
Q

Chimpanzee

A

*have alpha male

66
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

*adapted

67
Q

Species

A

*population stable of integrating

68
Q

Race

A

*subpopulation of species, differing in some alleles from other people

69
Q

Isolating Mechanisms

A
  • barriers to having offspring

* (culture, geography, time)

Anthropology 101 (1 decks)

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