1st midterm Flashcards
program
designed opportunity for leisure experiences to occur
ex. sports,playground, cooking class
programming
designing and delivering leisure opportunities
Programmer - to facilitate participants opportunities to engage in actions that will result in a leisure experience
leisure
state of mind
- perceived freedom
- intrinsic motivation
- variety of activities
- unobligated block of time
- personal engagement
- social interaction
6 types of leisure
games sports recreation play tourism events
games
formal rules that define interaction
attempt to equalize participants
skill and chance will determine the outcome
recreation
not just good for individuals but also society
re creation of self- break away and create new ways of life, take mind off depression…
socially acceptable and moral
play
no purpose, voluntary, fun, unstructured
sport
physical exertion
rules
competition
tourism
escape and renewal from work, and routine
someone who travels more than 80km from home
event
infrequent, change of pace,diff format of participation
ex. awards night and openings
3 phases leisure is experienced
anticipation
participation
reflection
ex. wedding=shopping for stuff, real thing, and pictures and recollections after
colour run=advertising, real thing and surveys and fun stuff after wards
leisure objects -3-
leisure objects=receive our focused attention are consciously dealt with during interaction, meanings derived through interactions
physical-balls bats and craft supplies
social-refers to other ppl..leaders, friends mothers and fans and team mates
symbolic-are ideas, philosophies,and doctrines that influence behaviour… loud cheering..quiet studying
6 key elements
for assistance in programming concepts
interacting people physical setting leisure objects structure relationship animation
interacting people
programmers are required to;
- anticipate who participants will be and design a program..ex. smart start beginner fitness
- design the program for a specific type of participant and then recruit…ex. spartan race, colour run
interacting with people…understanding
physical, social and psychological development of individuals
-gender age skill level and other important info about them
interacting with people-infancy:new born-2 years
dependant on parents/care giver
interacting with people-preschool: 3-4 years
child-centered play careful supervision gross motor skill development short attention span need for immediate gratification
interacting with people- childhood:5-11 years
increased social skills
awareness of others
fine motor development
creativity and competency
interacting with people-adolescence:12-18
finding meaning relationships
social awkwardness
peer acceptance
autonomy often spurs conflict btw child and parents
interacting with people-adulthood:19-60years
wisdom and expertise development with learning and knowledge
social commitments may involve children,work,civic responsibilities
interacting with people-older adulthood:60+
marked by age-related physical and biological change
retirement influences by factors of socio-economic status
cohort
a group of individuals who were born on the same time interval
demographics
DATA relating to the population and particular groups with in it-secondary research
-age, family structure,education level,income,location,gender
marco segmentaion
developing services for cohort of individuals who are seeking similar benefits from participation in recreation programs
micro segmentation
cohorts are identified by using variables from one of three categories: 1 geographic (neigbourhood) 2 sociodemographic (age, gender) 3 behavioural descriptors (usage rate)
physical setting
includes sensory components=visual,aural,olfactory, tactile,taste
- setting must be adequate for the program
- settings can be manipulated
- the more the physical setting is altered, the more expensive the alteration become
leisure objectives
1 physical
2 social
3 symbolic
only need key objects present for to be successful=ex. necessity for skates in hockey and not jersey
structure
all about rules
that guide interaction in a program
having rules makes ppl more comfortable, safe and free
ex.-workshops, clinics, classes-competitions-clubs-special events-drop ins
relationships
team sports and work colleagues
animation
teachers lesson plan
how program is set into motion
how individuals participate in a program
ex. leaders, self guided tours…step class..the leader made all the difference
6 key elements importance
changing one of the key elements changes the whole program
benefits-4
personal-health,stress relief,enjoyment,self image,rehabilitation
social-meeting new ppl, teamwork, interaction c kids adults
economic-saves on health care,tourism,participation and revenue fees, property values increased,new buildings jobs, green space in parks allows water damage bypass
environmental-fresher air,less cars on streets, walking paths,green space
product
is an exclusive term to identify goods services and experiences that can be brought to the market place and sold
goods=
physical entities
- supplies-consumable used while participating in leisure,golf balls, camera film,art supplies
- equipment-no consumable product used to participate in leisure,rackets, ballet shoes, scuba equipment,golf clubs
services=
intagible entity
-activity caried out on the customer`s behalf. the costumer doesnt possess a physical item as a result of the purchase,skate sharpening, physio on site of a gym
types of servieces
personal-a helpful related to leisure participation fee which a fee is charged
equipment and venu rentals-the rental of recreation and leisure equipment and venu space
experience=
pleasant memories
- a series of staged events that engage a participant and result in pleasant reecallable memories
1. activities
2. events
two types of experiments
activities-focused participation in a specific occasion of interaction…baseball with specific objects,rules,and physical spaces…..primary units to be packages for sale
events-a collection of activities organized around a theme or purpose they may become a special event if there is something unique about them…. parade health fair, sports tournament
mission statment
a broad declaration of an organizations purpose that identifies the organizations product and costumers and distinguishes the organization from its competitors
=promise to the people
to make a mission statment
uses concrete language talk about the why ---1.who are our costumers ---2.what costumers needs are being satisfied ---3.how are we satisfying these needs
goals=
smart goals=
a desired future outcome that an organization strives to achieve S-specific M-measurable A-attainable R-reasonable T-timely start with the end in mind
objectives=
specific statment that describe how the goal will be accomplished
writing goals
infinitive(to followed by verb)
subject
measurable device
ex to operate a women`s softball league during the summer of 2014
oragnization
important to identify strengths and weaknesses to discover a distinctive competence that results in a competitive advantage in the market
SWOT
strengths-internal
weaknesses-internal
opportunities-external
threats-external
swot strengths
capabilities competitive advantages resources(ppl even) location management capacities traccemarks
swot weaknesses
gaps in capabilities lack of competitive strength financial management employee morale high turnover reputation
swot oppurtunities
market development competitors vulnerabilities demographic ad lifestyle trends(three wheelers for baby boomers) partnership(mc d;s and walmart) expansion
swot threats
legal and political forces(smoking laws-tobacco companies
demographic and lifestyle change
technological forces
declining market demand
strategic direction
short range goals 3-5 years
not measurable
must be broken down further into measurable statements
-an objective for one level of the organization can become a goal to the next level in the hierarchy
-goals with supporting objectives continually get broken down util operational clarity and direction are achieved
strategic direction- goals and objectives
should provide clarity for the organization
help measure and document an organizations success
needs
a state of deprivation
interests
an awareness or feeling about what one would like to do or acquire
interests are learned and are influences by social forces
wants
percieved to be needed- but not necessarily required
a learned behaviour pattern for satisfying specific needs
intentions
the commitment to acquire specific satisfiers of wants under given market conditions
-it is important to understand who actually intends to participate in a program under defined market conditions
normtive need
standards set by professionals or experts
reflect needs or majority
ex, dentists recommend tooth paste
felt need
perception about what an individual believes she would like
needs not being accommodated
are shaped by social forces that lead ppl to think they are lacking in something and need to fulfil it
ex.shaped by society
band of clothing–lulu
needs assesment
it can help establish proprieties among alternative courses of action
- on going process
- will not lead to a clear course
- asses patrons response to new program proposals
- provides data that can enable the agency to better understand the individuals who will be affected by the agency`s actions
- identifies more needs then the agency can fulfill
needs assessment- objectives
- 2 objectives-helps agencies determine the direction they will take in developing programs
- incorporates citizens input into the decision making process
needs assessment- major functions
- generates program ideas
- allows for input from the community and provides an opportunity for the agency to respond to the community
expressed needs=
needs that are fulfilled though actual participatioin
comparative needs=
variations in services provided or variation in access to leisure opportunities experienced by different groups.
why do they get something i don’t get
two approaches to needs assesments
group approaches-citizen advisory committees(pros well tapped in to the ppl…cons might be representing the committy of self ex.walking path-streets lights)
- public meetings and workshops
- interviews
surveys-an excellent method to gather info but poor at giving info to the public
-a properly conducted survey can be the most representative view of all citizens(very one way)
barriers to participation
=removal of barriers determine barrier and stratiegize to overcome it
-pursue additional methods of needs assesments
economics
- temporal(timely)
- health
- experiential
- lack of awareness
- accessibility
- attitudinal (feelings and attitude about participation,ppl with dissabilities
now programs consult and understand groups then program to meet their needs
hey
marketing
is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promotion, and distribution of ideas, good and services to create exchanges that will satisfy individual and organization objectives
Two types of goals in program design
X-goals=intervention goals=staff based
Y-goals=outcome goals=participant based
X-interventions
- to teach students three songs during the class that use three chords
- to delicate 10 mins of each class teaching the students to identify the parts of the guitar
Y-outcomes
- by the end of class students will be able to play at least three songs with three diff chords
- at the end of the program 90%of the students will Beable to identify parts of the guitar correctly
Y statements-
-one of the most important things when designing programs
Vividly describe the experience to be created
Program design
Is planning the step by step action scenarios of the 6 key elements that will stage the program and guide participants through the social interactions necessary to facilitate the leisure experience intended by the designer
Visualization
Technique for implementing program design
-visualized the actual operation of the programs
Animation ex from other fields
Soccer coach designs organized plays that animate the actions of a soccer match
-a choreographer composes the step patterns and movements to a dance there by animating it
Four stages of creative program design
Problem definition
Generation of approaches
Exploration and interpretation
Innovation
Idea generation
Be impractical,playful, suspend judgment to generate ideas
- brainstorming
- matrix(Columns of elements and rolling dice)
- analogies( @ a seniors home is different then at a high school)
Problem definition
Develop a statement of the problem- the diff btw the way things are and the way we desire them to be
Exploration and interpretation
4 techniques
Sometimes we can’t see a solution that is right in front of us
-to expand out thinking we can use one of four techniques
Personal analogy
Direct analogy
Symbolic analogy
Fantasy analogy
Innovation
To be innovative and shape the proposed solution into a feasible programs
Segmenting marketing
May be large or small but will usually be made up of identifiable groups
-segmented to identify and focus the group of individuals with whom the agency may want to provide opportunities
Market must be: measurable, accessible, substantial enough to warrant separate market attention,must be actionable
Target marketing
Once the market is segmented the agency may adopt different strategies to complete exchanges with the various segments identified
The marketing mix- 4- developed for each target market
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
