1st LLE Flashcards
The process whereby calcium and bile salts are removed from the specimen
Decalcification
These specimens contain some amount of calcium that will interfere with the evaluation and examination of histological sections
Tuberculous lungs and teeth
Most widely used agent for routine decalcification because they are stable, readily available, and inexpensive
Acids
This is inferior compared to nitric acid and its role as decalcifying agent because of its slower action and greater distortion of the tissue
Hydrochloric acid
Substance which combine with calcium ions to form complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salts
Chelating agents
Very expensive although the most ideal, most sensitive, and most reliable method of determining the extent of decalcification due to its ability to detect even the smallest focus of calcium
Radiological method
Done by touching or bending with the fingers to determine the consistency of tissues
Mechanical test
Involves the detection of calcium and acid solutions by precipitation of insoluble calcium hydroxide or calcium oxalate
Chemical method
A process whereby positively charged calcium ions are attracted to a negative electrode and subsequently removed from the decalcifying solution
Electrical ionization and Electrophoresis
A very weak decalcifying solution suitable only for minute pieces of bone
Sulfurous acid
Cause allergic reactions in a substantial proportion of exposed subjects not just in hypersensitive individuals
Sensitizers
Substance that can induce tumors not only in experimental animals but also humans
Carcinogen
Capable of causing death by ingestion, skin contact, or inflammation at certain specified concentrations
Toxic materials
Chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site where living tissue especially with the skin, eyes, and respiratory passages
Irritants
A contrast-enhancing technique that improves quality of the image obtained with a birefringent material then compared to other techniques
Polarized light microscopy
Refers to any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate image
Fluorescence microscope
An optical microscopy illumination technique in which a small phase of light passing through a transparent specimen is converted into amplitude or contrast phase images
Phase-contrast microscopy
Used to observe the unstained and transparent samples causing them to be clearly visible and appears brightly lit against a dark, almost purely black background
Dark-field microscopy
Used in compound microscope where light is either passed through or reflected off the specimen.
Bright field microscope
Yellow colored can be neutralized by this reagent and then thoroughly washed with running tap water
5% sodium sulfate
An environmental toxin that is highly corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. It is also carcinogenic
Chromic acid
Recommended concentration for the aqueous nitric acid solution
5-10%
Other term for Flemming’s fluid
Chromic acid
Most common chelating agent with a commercial name Versene
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
