1st Line Defence

Question 0

Difference between immune system and other internal/external barriers

Answer 0

Specific response to particular invading pathogen

Cell & antibody mediated

Question 1

3 lines defence

Answer 1

External barrier - skin/mucous membrane
Internal - anti microbial cells, proteins, fever
Internal - immune system

Question 2

Pathogen definition

Answer 2

Disease causing microbes

Question 3

Ways in which pathogens can enter body

Answer 3

Break in skin
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Male/female reproductive system 
Eyes

Question 4

Antigen definition

Answer 4

Any substance entering body with POTENTIAL to trigger immune response
Production antibodies

Question 5

2 types antigen

Answer 5

Foreign substances (food, microbes, dust, drugs)
Self antigens (on cell membranes)

Question 6

Difference between pathogen and antigen

Answer 6

Pathogen disease causing microbe

Antigen triggers antibodies - immune response

Question 7

4 factors about skin 1st line defence

Answer 7

Physical barrier - tight keratinised cells
Cell shedding - helps remove microbes
Perspiration. Removes microbes, lysozyme, secretory IgA
Sebum - contains fatty acids, antimicrobial

Question 8

What is secretory IgA

Answer 8

An antibody

Question 9

9 ways mucous membrane 1st line defence

Answer 9

Physical barrier - keratinised cells
Shedding - removes microbes
Mucous - traps microbes/foreign particles 
Mucocilliary escalator
Hairs in nose filter air
Tears wash eyes have lysozyme & IgA 
Saliva cleans and has lysozyme & IgA 
Vagina acidic
Gastric acid antimicrobial

Question 10

3 ways excretions 1st line defence

Answer 10

Urine/faeces - reduce ability microbes to attach/take residence
Urine usually acidic
Vomiting/diarrhoea body purging of pathogen