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Braddom > 1st Handout > Flashcards

1st Handout Flashcards

0
Q

Grade 3 according to ligamentous injury scale?

A

Tenderness to palpation with significant joint laxity and no end point

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1
Q

In SC joint sprains, 2/3 of the dislocations occurs where? Its causes medial end of the clavicle to become more prominent.

A

Anteriorly

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2
Q

In SC joint sprains 1/3 of the dislocation occurs where? It has more pain with less prominent medial clavicular end associated with vascular compromise.

A

Posteriorly

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2
Q

80% of clavicular fx occurs where?

A

Middle third of the clavicle

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3
Q

Most common cause of clavicular fx

A

Direct blow to the point of the shoulder

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3
Q

What is the management for clavicular fx with good alignment

A

Partial immobilization using sling or figure of 8 bandage

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5
Q

Surgical intervention should be considered in clavicular fractures if?

A

15 to 20mm shortening occurs

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6
Q

Grade 2 according to ligamentous injury scale?

A

Tenderness to palpation with joint laxity but a good end point

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8
Q

Tenderness to palpation without joint laxity?

A

Grade 1

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9
Q

It accounts for 9% of all shoulder injuries, are most frequent in males in their 3rd decade of life and usually partial rather than complete

A

Acromioclavicular joint sprain

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10
Q

MOI of AC joint sprain

A

Direct trauma from a fall or blow to the acromion

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11
Q

Rockwood classification 1

A

Mild injury to the AC ligaments, & radiologic evaluation is normal

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12
Q

Rockwood type 2

A

Torn AC ligaments + intact CC ligaments. Clavicular elevation <25% displacement

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13
Q

Rockwood type 3

A

Torn AC and CC ligaments, intact deltotrapezial fascia. 25 to 100% increase in the coracoclavicular space

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14
Q

Rockwood type 4

A

Torn AC and CC ligaments + posterior displacement of the distal clavicle into the trapezius muscle

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15
Q

Rockwood type 5

A

Torn AC and CC ligaments + rupture of deltotrapezial fascia that will increase in cc interspace >100%

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16
Q

Rockwood type 6

A

Torn ac and cc ligaments and deltotrapezial muscular attachments; distal of the clavicle below the acromion or the coracoid process

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17
Q

What type of ac joint sprains are usually treated non-operatively

A

Type 1,2,3

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18
Q

Indications for surgical intervention for type 3 AC CC sprains?

A

Persistent pain or unsatisfactory cosmetic results

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19
Q

What are the types of sprains that requires surgical treatment

A

Type 4 ,5,6

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20
Q

It is due to repetitive overload of the distal clavicle

Usually young weight lifters who perform significant amount of bench press and military press.

A

Osteolysis of the distal clavicle

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21
Q

Often referred as snapping scapula or scapula crepitus

A

Scapulothoracic crepitus

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22
Q

Three primary types of sounds in scapulothoracic crepitus

A

Gentle friction
Loud grating sound
Loud snapping sound

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23
Q

Scapulothoracic sound due to physiologic cause

A

Gentle friction sound

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24
Q

Scapulothoracic creptius; soft tissue disease such as bursitis, fibrotic muscle, muscular atrophy, anomalous muscular insertions, excessive thoracic kyphosis or thoracic scoliosis, scapulothoracic dyskinesis or winging

A

Loud grating sound

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25
Q

Scapulothoracic crepitus; bony pathology such as osteophyte, a rib or scapular osteochroma, hooked superomedial angle of the scapula, malunion of rib fractures

A

Loud snapping sound

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26
Q

Repetitive microtrauma and outlet impingement between the acromion and greater tuberosity of the humerus is more common

A

Rotator cuff tendinitis and impingement

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27
Q

Neer stage 1

A

Inflammation and edema in the rotator cuff

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28
Q

Neer stage 2

A

Fibrosis and tendinitis

29
Q

Neer stage 3

A

Partial or complete rotator cuff tear

30
Q

Type 1acromion

A

Flat

31
Q

Type 2 Acromion

A

Curve

32
Q

Type 3 acromion

A

Hooked

33
Q

Internal impingement of rotator cuff is due to what mechanism?

A

Abducted 90 degrees and maximally externally rotated

34
Q

Primary impingement of the rotator cuff is due to?

A

Hooked acromion or thickened acromioclavicular ligament

35
Q

Rotarorcuff microtrauma is due to?

A

Eccentric overload of the shoulder external rotators during the deceleration or throwing phase

36
Q

Define large rotator cuff tears

A

Usually have acromial distance of less than 7mm and sclerosis on the undersurface of the acromion

37
Q

Occurs in patients more than 40 years of age with a prolonged history of outlet impingement and rotator cuff disease; “pop” at the time of injury

A

Long head of the bicipital tendon strains

38
Q

Rupture of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon will lead to?

A

Loss of approximately 8% of elbow flexion strength and 21% of supination strength

39
Q

Best evaluation tool for long head of biceps strain

A

MRI OR ULTRASOUND

40
Q

What is the mx for patients who had long head of the biceps strain >40 yrs of age who are relatively sedentary

A

Sling immobilization for comfort

41
Q

Mx for patients who had long head of the biceps strain that are young and physically active?

A

Early surgical intervention

42
Q

Most commonly seen in athletes who perform shoulder adduction and internal rotation against resistance such as weight lifters and football players

A

Pectoralis major strain

43
Q

Humeral head is dissociated from the glenoid fossa and often requires manual reduction

A

Dislocation

44
Q

Humeral head translates to the edge of the glenoid beyond normsl physiologic limits, followed by self reduction

A

Sublaxation

45
Q

It is due to excessive capsular laxity, is multidirectional, frequently associated with internal impingement of rot cuff

A

Sublaxation

46
Q

New injury resulting in sublaxation or dislocation of the gh joint

A

Acute instability

47
Q

It is due to repetitive instability episodes

A

Chronic instability

48
Q

Gh joint instability resulting from congenital capsular laxity or repetitive microtrauma

A

Atraumatic instability

49
Q

Refers to an individual who volitionally subluxes or dislocates hid ot her gh joint

A

Voluntary instability

50
Q

Unidirectional instability

A

Instability only in one direction caused by traumatic event; most frequent type is traumatic anterior instability

51
Q

Frequently tears the antero inferior gh joint capsule and avulses the inferior glenoid labrum with or without some underlying bone from the glenoid rim

A

Bankart lesion

52
Q

Acute anterior gh dislocation associated with fx of the POSTEROLSTERAL apect of the humeral head

A

Hill-sachs defect

53
Q

It is due to congenital glenoid hypoplasia or excessive glenoid or humeral RETROVERSION

A

Posterior gh joint instability

54
Q

A tear of the posteroinferior glenoid labrum causing separation from the glenoid fossa rim, fx of the posteroinferior glenoid fossa rim

A

Reverse bankart lesion

55
Q

It is due to impaction fx of the anterior humeral head

A

Reverse hill-sachs

56
Q

Recurrent unilateral joint instability is due to underlying connective tissue disorders such as?

A

Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

57
Q

Stage 1 of frozen sh

A

1-3mos; painful shoulder movement minimal restriction in motion

58
Q

Stage 2 frozen shoulder

A

3-9mos; painful shoulder movement progressive loss of gh joint motion

59
Q

Stage 3 of frozen shoulder

A

9-15mos reduced pain with shoulder movement severely restricted gh joint motion

60
Q

Stage 4 of frozen shoulder

A

15-24mos; minimal pain progressive normalization of gh joint motion

61
Q

Type 1 slap lesion

A

Fraying injury to the superior labrum without detachment of the biceps tendon

62
Q

Type 2 slap lesion

A

The biceps is detached from the supraglenoid tubercle

63
Q

Type 3 slap lesion

A

Bucket handle tearing of the superior labrum without detachment of the biceps tendon

64
Q

Type 4 slap lesion

A

Tear of the superior labrum that extends to the biceps tendon

65
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing slap lesions

A

Arthroscopy

66
Q

It is used to detect slap lesions

A

Gadolinium enhanced MRI scans

67
Q

Entrapment of the post interosseous brach of radial nerve that has tenderness 3 to 4cm distal to the lateral epicondyle

A

Lateral epicondilitis

68
Q

Treatment for lateral epicondilitis

A

Lateral-counterforce strap or neutral wrist splint

69
Q

In medial epicondilitis, degenerative changes are most frequently found at?

A

Pronator teres and FCR origins

70
Q

Acute hemmorhagic bursitis resulting from MACROTRAUMATIC insult of the bursa or chronic bursitis caused by repetitive microtrauma; frequently seen in athletes who participate in football or hockey

A

Aseptic arthritis

71
Q

Olecranon bursitis due to localized systemic infection

A

Septic bursitis

Braddom (1 decks)

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